Where can I find my driver? Microsoft Device driver for Windows of Microsoft(e.g. AC97 sound driver) Intel Intel chip set of driversIntel IDE/ATA driverIntel VGA driverIntel LAN driver Nvidia Nvidia VGA TreiberNvidia Sound TreiberNvidia LAN Treiber AMD AMD IDE/ATA driver VIA VIA IDE/ATA driverVIA VGA TreiberVIA Sound Treiber SIS SIS IDE/ATA driverSIS VGA driverSIS sound driverSIS LAN driver ALI Broadcom Promise Silicone image (CMD) Lsilogic (Symbios/NCR) Adaptec
Does this Troubleshooting solve your problem? Yes No Your Suggestion:
Tuesday, August 7, 2007
Thursday, July 19, 2007
AMD Sempron(tm) Processor 2800+
1.60 Ghz,
512MB
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K8M800-M7A
1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTHERBOARD FEATURES
CPU
Supports Socket 754.
Supports AMD Athlon 64 processor up to 3700+.
Supports AMD Sempron processor.
Supports HyperTransport Technology up to 1600MT/s.
Chipset
North Bridge: VIA K8M800.
South Bridge: VIA VT8237R/VT8237R PLUS.
Dimensions
Micro ATX Form Factor: 18.999cm (W) x 24.384cm (L)
Operating System Supporting
Supports Windows 98 / Me / 2000 / XP / 64-bit.
Slot
Three 32bit PCI bus master slots.
One AGP 4x/8x compatible slot.
One CNR slot.
On-board IDE
Two on-board connectors support 4 IDE disk drives.
Supports PIO mode 0~4.
Supports Ultra DMA 33/ 66/100/133 Bus Master Mode.
System Memory
Supports up to 2 DDR devices.
Supports DDR-266/333/400.
Maximum memory size is up to 2GB. (Following table is only for
reference.)
DIMM Socket
Location DDR Module Total Memory Size
DIMM1 128MB/256MB/512MB/1GB *1
DIMM2 128MB/256MB/512MB/1GB *1
Max is 2 GB.
AMD Sempron(tm) Processor 2800+
1.60 Ghz,
512MB
Public - 4:08 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
K8M800-M7A
1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTHERBOARD FEATURES
CPU
Supports Socket 754.
Supports AMD Athlon 64 processor up to 3700+.
Supports AMD Sempron processor.
Supports HyperTransport Technology up to 1600MT/s.
Chipset
North Bridge: VIA K8M800.
South Bridge: VIA VT8237R/VT8237R PLUS.
Dimensions
Micro ATX Form Factor: 18.999cm (W) x 24.384cm (L)
Operating System Supporting
Supports Windows 98 / Me / 2000 / XP / 64-bit.
Slot
Three 32bit PCI bus master slots.
One AGP 4x/8x compatible slot.
One CNR slot.
On-board IDE
Two on-board connectors support 4 IDE disk drives.
Supports PIO mode 0~4.
Supports Ultra DMA 33/ 66/100/133 Bus Master Mode.
System Memory
Supports up to 2 DDR devices.
Supports DDR-266/333/400.
Maximum memory size is up to 2GB. (Following table is only for
reference.)
DIMM Socket
Location DDR Module Total Memory Size
DIMM1 128MB/256MB/512MB/1GB *1
DIMM2 128MB/256MB/512MB/1GB *1
Max is 2 GB.
Wednesday, July 25, 2007
There is no official test sponsored by the Japanese government like there is in the USA. But you do need to show proficiency in the Japanese language. The only way to do that is to take the "Japanese Proficency Exam" (Nihongo kentei) and the "Chinese Character Proficency Exam" (kanji kentei). Once you get the official score of those tests, you can use the results in your application.Good luck.
I don't know of a specific test to gain Japanese citizenship, but it's not something easily or quickly done. There are thousands of people who were not born in Japan and have lived there nearly their entire lives but are not counted as Japanese citizens.You would need to work and live in Japan first, and while speaking Japanese is not absolutely esential to do either, it will make your life and prospects there a great deal better. But actually obtaining citizenship is something that you very likely will not be able to do.
No, you don't need to take a test, but you could start learning to read and write Japanese characters now. as well as speaking because you will have many interviews for follow up.there are many procedures to follow and you should be living and working in Japan for many years, has strong ties with the Japanese and can prove you can be a good citizen of Japan. etc, etc..you will submit many documents, taxes, legal papers etc. etc etc etc etc...If you are married to a Japanese citizen, you can apply for a citizenship, but it takes everyone's decision and your spouse support is much highly appreciated obtaining the citizenship like submitting his/her documents too, to prove that you are legally living together, but not in all cases. too much paper work...it really cost to obtain citizenship, but a wise decision and planning ahead should be considered. if you become Japanese national, you can't have dual citizenship, you have to give up the other one. so try to keep this in mind. Even Japanese who live in other countries don't easily give up their citizenship or apply for another. lastly, you will need to take time to complete the process and money if you need to translate documents to Japanese.. but if you are born with a Japanese parent or adopted by them..you can be a Japanese citizen.. if you are minor age.hope this helps..gambatte kudasai.there must be something that is not explained here but you will know all of the procedures by the time you start your application.yes, some answerers are right, it is not that easy like USA.
Source(s):
my friends ...for a reason they need to......
no, you don't have to tast to be a Japanese citizen , but if you want to work in Japan , you should do it .
Best Answer - Chosen by Asker
You have to marry a Japanese citizen (even if you do so...I don't know if you can get a citizenship for 100%). It's not like US...they don't give you a citizenship easily...even if you were born in Japan, you still don't get a citizenship unless one of your parents are a Japanese citizen.
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Japanese Passport
An application for a new Japanese passport will require completion of an application and payment of fees.
For further details and other travel related information, contact the consular section of the Japanese embassy or the Japanese consulate nearest to you.
Required supporting documents might include and are not limited to any of the following: • Birth certificate • Certificates of identity• Proof of citizenship• Passport-size photographs• Self addressed stamped envelope
Public - 4:59 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
http://www.learn-korean.net/
Public - 10:17 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
The status of permanent residence is granted when certain conditions have been satisfied by foreign nationals who reside in Japan under another status of residence and who have applied for change of status of residence to permanent residence or by those who have applied to acquire status of residence due to birth or renouncement of Japanese nationality. If a foreign resident is authorized to stay in Japan on a permanent basis, he/she will stay in Japan with the status of residence "Permanent Resident." The status of residence "Permanent Resident" provides much more advantageous treatments than other statuses of residence because it does not limit the status holder's activities or period of stay. For this reason, the immigration control authority needs to examine permanent resident applicants much more closely than other applicants for merely changing their status of residence. From this viewpoint, immigration control legislations set forth separate provision for permanent resident status, independent from ordinary procedures for change of Status of Residence. [Guidelines for Permission for Permanent Residence]
[Successful/Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status]By evaluating applicant's contribution to Japan, the immigration control authority has granted or denied the permanent residence status to the following cases.
Successful/Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status based on their Contribution to Japan (as of July 1, 2005)
"3rd Report on the System of Special Zones for Structural Reform" calls for "Disclosing successful applicants who have stayed in Japan for 5 years and acquired the permanent resident status due to their contribution to Japan, in order to clearly define the requirements for permanent resident status during FY2004." In addition, "3rd Report regarding Promotion of Regulatory Reform" (dated December 22, 2003) requests the government to disclose the aforementioned data earlier than the original schedule and to officially announce denied application cases for permanent resident status as well. Since 1998, the immigration control authority has granted/denied the permanent resident status to the following applicants by evaluating their contribution to Japan. The immigration control authority will update this section as necessary.[Successful Applicants for Permanent Resident Status](Case #1)The applicant is a scientific and technological researcher and has presented dozens of his papers to S&T (science and technology) journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's science and technology levels. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 5 months.)
(Case #2)The applicant was an armature sport player in Japan. He participated in World Cup and served as a sport coach during his career as a sport player. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to advancing Japan's sports. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 7 months.)
(Case #3)The applicant has served Japan's higher education as a university professor in music. In his career, he gave lessons to armature musicians for free. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to advancing education level and cultural activities in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 10 months.)
(Case #4)The applicant has served as a researcher in Japanese literature and received many honors, including Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's literature. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years in total. He was granted the permanent resident status three months after entering Japan.)
(Case #5)The applicant has served as a university professor for a long time. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #6)The applicant has served Japan's higher education as a university assistant professor. In his career, he enjoyed notable achievements as a scientific researcher, presented a lot of his research papers to scientific journals, and gave lessons at many academic societies and research groups. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's industry, education and some other fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 5 months in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 7 years and 11 months after entering Japan.)
(Case #7)The applicant has notable past record as a leader in system development tasks and is highly evaluated for his past record. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's IT industry. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 9 months in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 6 years after entering Japan.)
(Case #8)The applicant has long served as a foreign diplomat in Japan. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in the international relations. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 3 months in total.)
(Case #9)As a result of his research activities in Japan, the applicant has presented his papers to many scientific journals, has been invited to give lectures at international conferences, and has won international recognition in that field. He also works on joint research programs with Japanese corporations and research institutes. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in academic and technology fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 9 months.)
(Case #10)The applicant has served as a university assistant in Japan for more than 4 years, has engaged in higher education activities. He has also worked on his research activities in third nations as a dispatched researcher, and has won a certain high commendation for his research works. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in the academic field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 3 months.)
(Case #11)The applicant has served as a university full-time lecturer in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's academic level (in foreign language). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 1 month.)
(Case #12)The applicant has served as a university assistant professor in Japan for more than 5 years and has contributed to improving Japan's higher education level (in foreign language). He also participated in many educational activities, including University Testing Center Examination. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's education fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 2 month.)
(Case #13)The applicant has served as a university assistant professor in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in information technology). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 17 years and 4 month in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 4 years and 11 months after entering Japan.)
(Case #14)The applicant has served as a university professor and assistant professor in Japan for more than 5 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in international law). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 6 month.)
(Case #15)The applicant has served as a university assistant in Japan for more than 3 years and has taught and researched physics. He worked on fundamental physics and also presented many papers to scientific journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's academic field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 11 years and 2 month.)
(Case #16)The applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in international politics). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 13 years and 7 month.)
(Case #17)Since entering Japan, the applicant has worked at university in Japan for approximately 9 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in foreign pedagogy and foreign cultures). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 11 month.)
(Case #18)The applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for approximately 22 years in total. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in neuropsychology). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 6 month.)
(Case #19)The applicant has served as a biology researcher. He enjoys significant past record because his research works is highly feasible in commercial applications. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research area. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 10 month.)
(Case #20)Since entering Japan, the applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for more than 8 years. He has contributed to improving Japan's higher education level (in information technology) and has enjoyed a high reputation for his research works at home and abroad. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's education and research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 9 month.)
(Case #21)The applicant has served as a medical researcher, has earned awards from medical institutes, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 8 month.)
(Case #22)The applicant has worked at foreign diplomatic mission in Japan for more than 10 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in international exchange between Japan and his home nation. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years.)
(Case #23)Since entering Japan, the applicant has worked on his research activities in state-of-the-art technologies. He also presented his papers to academic journals at home and abroad and made presentations at academic associations. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 3 month.)
(Case #24)Since entering Japan, the applicant has been consistently serving English Education in local areas in Japan. He made Japan's traditional culture better known at home and abroad by playing traditional musical instruments while speaking local dialects. He also gave lectures at universities in Japan. By doing so, he introduces Japan's local culture at home and abroad from a viewpoint of aliens. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's cultural and art fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #25)The applicant has given lectures on orthopedics at Japan's medical school for more than 3 years. Scientific journals on orthopedics have been picked up a lot of his papers as featured articles. His papers are also cited at well-known professional journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 13 years and 4 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 3 years after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #26)The applicant has served as an assistant professor at agricultural department of Japan's university for more than 5 years. He made contributions to improving Japan's higher education level. In addition, academic societies at home and abroad highly evaluate his research works. His papers are also introduced on well-known foreign journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 7 months.)
(Case #27)For 6 years since entering Japan, the applicant has worked at Japan's independent administrative institution and has worked on his research activities at research institutes in Japan. A lot of his papers are introduced on technical journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years.)
(Case #28)The applicant has served as university full-time lecturer in Japan for more than 6 years, and successfully developed his own language-teaching approach. He also edits textbooks and gives lectures. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's educational field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 2 months.)
(Case #29)The applicant has pursued scientific researches and studies in Japan at the Magnetic Society of Japan, the Ceramic Society of Japan, the Japan Society of Applied Physics, etc. and has made contributions to the scientific and technological development of the use of magnetic thin films and their applied fields, and at the same time released many papers on his studies and applied for patents for various works. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 8 months.)
(Case #30) The applicant has presented many papers to the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan while working as a company employee in Japan, and his achievements have been recognized in scientific journals, etc. He has also been awarded an authoritative prize. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 4 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 4 years and 3 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #31)The applicant has worked as a professor for the department of engineering of a national university in Japan for about 8 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan's higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 3 months.)
(Case #32)Since the entry to Japan, the applicant has been engaged in English education for about 7 years as a full-time teacher, professor, etc. in universities in Japan. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 9 months.)
(Case #33)The applicant has been working for an automobile manufacturing company in Japan, and released many papers on his studies about powder metallurgy, many of which was published in the Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, etc. Also, his achievements have been recognized by an authoritative society. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to the industrial development and scientific research field of Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 6 months.)
(Case #34)After completing a doctoral course at the economics department of a Japanese university, the applicant was hired as a teaching staff member by the university and has been giving lectures for about 3 years as an assistant professor. In addition, the applicant was appointed as a principal coordinator of the project of establishing an international network. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s education field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #35)The applicant used to be an instructor for a Japanese athlete who represented Japan in the Olympic Games, and currently instructs as a coach another promising Japanese athlete expected to be selected for the next Olympic Games. The immigration control authority finds it and other activities of this applicant great contribution to the promotion of sports, etc. in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 7 months.)
(Case #36)As an athlete, the applicant has been participating in competitions in Japan since about 20 years ago, and his continuous efforts of pursuing such activity in Japan have been recognized by an authoritative sport association to have made great contributions to the development of the sport. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to the promotion of sports, etc. in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 6 months.)
(Case #37)After living in Japan as a student for about 14 years, the applicant spent about 4 years as a full-time teacher at a university giving lectures on intercultural communication, etc. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 18 years and 1 month. He acquired the permanent resident status 4 years and 8 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #38)The applicant has released many papers on his studies in the fields of nanotechnology, synthesis of full-color semiconductor nano-sized particles, etc. and also presented results of his original researches to the Chemical Society of Japan, the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, etc. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 8 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 3 years and 7 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
[Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status](Case #1)The applicant allegedly produces, fosters and exports Japanese race horses, serves as a management consultant for horse-producing farmers and gives lectures. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the applicant has stayed in Japan only for a short period (1 year and a half).
(Case #2)The applicant allegedly produces and owns many fine art works as an artist painter and donates his works to newly-opened art museums. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the applicant has a bad record (he was involved inforeign national's illegal stay in Japan).
(Case #3)The applicant allegedly serves as a teacher at an educational institute forforeign national's children's. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because such applicant's activities do not fall under social contribution to Japan.
(Case #4)The applicant allegedly works at high school as a teacher for a year and is involved with volunteer activities as such as interpreter. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because such applicant's activities do not fall under social contribution to Japan.
(Case #5)The applicant started his new business in Japan and still runs such business. However, his investments, profit level or other business performances are not so significant. The immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy or industries so much.
(Case #6)The applicant has worked on his research activities as a research student at university. However, as he engages in his research activities under guidance of professor, his research activities are almost the same as those of ordinary students. The immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution in Japan's research field so much.
(Case #7)The applicant has served as a director at an investment firm. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy and has not made other contributions to Japan.
(Case #8)The applicant has served as an assistant director at a system developer firm. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy so much and have not made other contributions to Japan.
(Case #9)The applicant has stayed in Japan for about 9 years, has composed music and held recitals for playing his own compositions served, and has allegedly made significant efforts in interactions in music between Japan and his home nation. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution in Japan's cultural and art scenes so much.
(Case #10)The applicant has stayed in Japan for about 9 years, has coordinated Japanese artists' many performance shows in his home nation, and has allegedly engaged in holding events to encourage mutual understandings between Japanese firms and corporations in his home nations. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japan.
(Case #11)Since entering Japan, the applicant has stayed in Japan for 3 years as an international student. Then, he served as an assistant at Japan's medical school for 5 years. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to improving Japan's higher education level.
(Case #12)The applicant entered Japan as an assistant teacher of foreign language, having spent the first 3 years as a teacher of a junior high school in Japan and then about 4 years as a teacher in a senior high school. However, the immigration control authority did not find it contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education, judging that applicant’s career in Japan is not equivalent to that of full-time teachers, professors, assistant professors or lecturers of university or equivalent academic institution, and thus denied the permanent residence status. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 11 months.)
Public - 2:08 AM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
There is no official test sponsored by the Japanese government like there is in the USA. But you do need to show proficiency in the Japanese language. The only way to do that is to take the "Japanese Proficency Exam" (Nihongo kentei) and the "Chinese Character Proficency Exam" (kanji kentei). Once you get the official score of those tests, you can use the results in your application.Good luck.
I don't know of a specific test to gain Japanese citizenship, but it's not something easily or quickly done. There are thousands of people who were not born in Japan and have lived there nearly their entire lives but are not counted as Japanese citizens.You would need to work and live in Japan first, and while speaking Japanese is not absolutely esential to do either, it will make your life and prospects there a great deal better. But actually obtaining citizenship is something that you very likely will not be able to do.
No, you don't need to take a test, but you could start learning to read and write Japanese characters now. as well as speaking because you will have many interviews for follow up.there are many procedures to follow and you should be living and working in Japan for many years, has strong ties with the Japanese and can prove you can be a good citizen of Japan. etc, etc..you will submit many documents, taxes, legal papers etc. etc etc etc etc...If you are married to a Japanese citizen, you can apply for a citizenship, but it takes everyone's decision and your spouse support is much highly appreciated obtaining the citizenship like submitting his/her documents too, to prove that you are legally living together, but not in all cases. too much paper work...it really cost to obtain citizenship, but a wise decision and planning ahead should be considered. if you become Japanese national, you can't have dual citizenship, you have to give up the other one. so try to keep this in mind. Even Japanese who live in other countries don't easily give up their citizenship or apply for another. lastly, you will need to take time to complete the process and money if you need to translate documents to Japanese.. but if you are born with a Japanese parent or adopted by them..you can be a Japanese citizen.. if you are minor age.hope this helps..gambatte kudasai.there must be something that is not explained here but you will know all of the procedures by the time you start your application.yes, some answerers are right, it is not that easy like USA.
Source(s):
my friends ...for a reason they need to......
no, you don't have to tast to be a Japanese citizen , but if you want to work in Japan , you should do it .
Best Answer - Chosen by Asker
You have to marry a Japanese citizen (even if you do so...I don't know if you can get a citizenship for 100%). It's not like US...they don't give you a citizenship easily...even if you were born in Japan, you still don't get a citizenship unless one of your parents are a Japanese citizen.
Public - 5:22 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
Japanese Passport
An application for a new Japanese passport will require completion of an application and payment of fees.
For further details and other travel related information, contact the consular section of the Japanese embassy or the Japanese consulate nearest to you.
Required supporting documents might include and are not limited to any of the following: • Birth certificate • Certificates of identity• Proof of citizenship• Passport-size photographs• Self addressed stamped envelope
Public - 4:59 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
http://www.learn-korean.net/
Public - 10:17 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
The status of permanent residence is granted when certain conditions have been satisfied by foreign nationals who reside in Japan under another status of residence and who have applied for change of status of residence to permanent residence or by those who have applied to acquire status of residence due to birth or renouncement of Japanese nationality. If a foreign resident is authorized to stay in Japan on a permanent basis, he/she will stay in Japan with the status of residence "Permanent Resident." The status of residence "Permanent Resident" provides much more advantageous treatments than other statuses of residence because it does not limit the status holder's activities or period of stay. For this reason, the immigration control authority needs to examine permanent resident applicants much more closely than other applicants for merely changing their status of residence. From this viewpoint, immigration control legislations set forth separate provision for permanent resident status, independent from ordinary procedures for change of Status of Residence. [Guidelines for Permission for Permanent Residence]
[Successful/Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status]By evaluating applicant's contribution to Japan, the immigration control authority has granted or denied the permanent residence status to the following cases.
Successful/Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status based on their Contribution to Japan (as of July 1, 2005)
"3rd Report on the System of Special Zones for Structural Reform" calls for "Disclosing successful applicants who have stayed in Japan for 5 years and acquired the permanent resident status due to their contribution to Japan, in order to clearly define the requirements for permanent resident status during FY2004." In addition, "3rd Report regarding Promotion of Regulatory Reform" (dated December 22, 2003) requests the government to disclose the aforementioned data earlier than the original schedule and to officially announce denied application cases for permanent resident status as well. Since 1998, the immigration control authority has granted/denied the permanent resident status to the following applicants by evaluating their contribution to Japan. The immigration control authority will update this section as necessary.[Successful Applicants for Permanent Resident Status](Case #1)The applicant is a scientific and technological researcher and has presented dozens of his papers to S&T (science and technology) journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's science and technology levels. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 5 months.)
(Case #2)The applicant was an armature sport player in Japan. He participated in World Cup and served as a sport coach during his career as a sport player. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to advancing Japan's sports. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 7 months.)
(Case #3)The applicant has served Japan's higher education as a university professor in music. In his career, he gave lessons to armature musicians for free. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to advancing education level and cultural activities in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 10 months.)
(Case #4)The applicant has served as a researcher in Japanese literature and received many honors, including Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's literature. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years in total. He was granted the permanent resident status three months after entering Japan.)
(Case #5)The applicant has served as a university professor for a long time. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #6)The applicant has served Japan's higher education as a university assistant professor. In his career, he enjoyed notable achievements as a scientific researcher, presented a lot of his research papers to scientific journals, and gave lessons at many academic societies and research groups. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's industry, education and some other fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 5 months in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 7 years and 11 months after entering Japan.)
(Case #7)The applicant has notable past record as a leader in system development tasks and is highly evaluated for his past record. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's IT industry. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 9 months in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 6 years after entering Japan.)
(Case #8)The applicant has long served as a foreign diplomat in Japan. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in the international relations. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 3 months in total.)
(Case #9)As a result of his research activities in Japan, the applicant has presented his papers to many scientific journals, has been invited to give lectures at international conferences, and has won international recognition in that field. He also works on joint research programs with Japanese corporations and research institutes. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in academic and technology fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 9 months.)
(Case #10)The applicant has served as a university assistant in Japan for more than 4 years, has engaged in higher education activities. He has also worked on his research activities in third nations as a dispatched researcher, and has won a certain high commendation for his research works. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in the academic field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 3 months.)
(Case #11)The applicant has served as a university full-time lecturer in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's academic level (in foreign language). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 1 month.)
(Case #12)The applicant has served as a university assistant professor in Japan for more than 5 years and has contributed to improving Japan's higher education level (in foreign language). He also participated in many educational activities, including University Testing Center Examination. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's education fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 2 month.)
(Case #13)The applicant has served as a university assistant professor in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in information technology). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 17 years and 4 month in total. He was granted the permanent resident status 4 years and 11 months after entering Japan.)
(Case #14)The applicant has served as a university professor and assistant professor in Japan for more than 5 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in international law). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 6 month.)
(Case #15)The applicant has served as a university assistant in Japan for more than 3 years and has taught and researched physics. He worked on fundamental physics and also presented many papers to scientific journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's academic field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 11 years and 2 month.)
(Case #16)The applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for more than 3 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in international politics). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 13 years and 7 month.)
(Case #17)Since entering Japan, the applicant has worked at university in Japan for approximately 9 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in foreign pedagogy and foreign cultures). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 11 month.)
(Case #18)The applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for approximately 22 years in total. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving Japan's higher education level (in neuropsychology). (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 6 month.)
(Case #19)The applicant has served as a biology researcher. He enjoys significant past record because his research works is highly feasible in commercial applications. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research area. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 10 month.)
(Case #20)Since entering Japan, the applicant has served as a university professor in Japan for more than 8 years. He has contributed to improving Japan's higher education level (in information technology) and has enjoyed a high reputation for his research works at home and abroad. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's education and research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 9 month.)
(Case #21)The applicant has served as a medical researcher, has earned awards from medical institutes, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 9 years and 8 month.)
(Case #22)The applicant has worked at foreign diplomatic mission in Japan for more than 10 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in international exchange between Japan and his home nation. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years.)
(Case #23)Since entering Japan, the applicant has worked on his research activities in state-of-the-art technologies. He also presented his papers to academic journals at home and abroad and made presentations at academic associations. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 3 month.)
(Case #24)Since entering Japan, the applicant has been consistently serving English Education in local areas in Japan. He made Japan's traditional culture better known at home and abroad by playing traditional musical instruments while speaking local dialects. He also gave lectures at universities in Japan. By doing so, he introduces Japan's local culture at home and abroad from a viewpoint of aliens. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's cultural and art fields. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #25)The applicant has given lectures on orthopedics at Japan's medical school for more than 3 years. Scientific journals on orthopedics have been picked up a lot of his papers as featured articles. His papers are also cited at well-known professional journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 13 years and 4 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 3 years after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #26)The applicant has served as an assistant professor at agricultural department of Japan's university for more than 5 years. He made contributions to improving Japan's higher education level. In addition, academic societies at home and abroad highly evaluate his research works. His papers are also introduced on well-known foreign journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 5 years and 7 months.)
(Case #27)For 6 years since entering Japan, the applicant has worked at Japan's independent administrative institution and has worked on his research activities at research institutes in Japan. A lot of his papers are introduced on technical journals. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years.)
(Case #28)The applicant has served as university full-time lecturer in Japan for more than 6 years, and successfully developed his own language-teaching approach. He also edits textbooks and gives lectures. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan's educational field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 2 months.)
(Case #29)The applicant has pursued scientific researches and studies in Japan at the Magnetic Society of Japan, the Ceramic Society of Japan, the Japan Society of Applied Physics, etc. and has made contributions to the scientific and technological development of the use of magnetic thin films and their applied fields, and at the same time released many papers on his studies and applied for patents for various works. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 8 months.)
(Case #30) The applicant has presented many papers to the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan while working as a company employee in Japan, and his achievements have been recognized in scientific journals, etc. He has also been awarded an authoritative prize. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 10 years and 4 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 4 years and 3 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #31)The applicant has worked as a professor for the department of engineering of a national university in Japan for about 8 years. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan's higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 3 months.)
(Case #32)Since the entry to Japan, the applicant has been engaged in English education for about 7 years as a full-time teacher, professor, etc. in universities in Japan. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 9 months.)
(Case #33)The applicant has been working for an automobile manufacturing company in Japan, and released many papers on his studies about powder metallurgy, many of which was published in the Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, etc. Also, his achievements have been recognized by an authoritative society. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to the industrial development and scientific research field of Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 6 months.)
(Case #34)After completing a doctoral course at the economics department of a Japanese university, the applicant was hired as a teaching staff member by the university and has been giving lectures for about 3 years as an assistant professor. In addition, the applicant was appointed as a principal coordinator of the project of establishing an international network. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s education field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years.)
(Case #35)The applicant used to be an instructor for a Japanese athlete who represented Japan in the Olympic Games, and currently instructs as a coach another promising Japanese athlete expected to be selected for the next Olympic Games. The immigration control authority finds it and other activities of this applicant great contribution to the promotion of sports, etc. in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 7 months.)
(Case #36)As an athlete, the applicant has been participating in competitions in Japan since about 20 years ago, and his continuous efforts of pursuing such activity in Japan have been recognized by an authoritative sport association to have made great contributions to the development of the sport. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to the promotion of sports, etc. in Japan. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 7 years and 6 months.)
(Case #37)After living in Japan as a student for about 14 years, the applicant spent about 4 years as a full-time teacher at a university giving lectures on intercultural communication, etc. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 18 years and 1 month. He acquired the permanent resident status 4 years and 8 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
(Case #38)The applicant has released many papers on his studies in the fields of nanotechnology, synthesis of full-color semiconductor nano-sized particles, etc. and also presented results of his original researches to the Chemical Society of Japan, the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, etc. The immigration control authority finds it his contribution in Japan’s scientific research field. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 8 years and 8 months. He acquired the permanent resident status 3 years and 7 months after he had changed his work permit status.)
[Unsuccessful Applicants for Permanent Residence Status](Case #1)The applicant allegedly produces, fosters and exports Japanese race horses, serves as a management consultant for horse-producing farmers and gives lectures. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the applicant has stayed in Japan only for a short period (1 year and a half).
(Case #2)The applicant allegedly produces and owns many fine art works as an artist painter and donates his works to newly-opened art museums. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the applicant has a bad record (he was involved inforeign national's illegal stay in Japan).
(Case #3)The applicant allegedly serves as a teacher at an educational institute forforeign national's children's. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because such applicant's activities do not fall under social contribution to Japan.
(Case #4)The applicant allegedly works at high school as a teacher for a year and is involved with volunteer activities as such as interpreter. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because such applicant's activities do not fall under social contribution to Japan.
(Case #5)The applicant started his new business in Japan and still runs such business. However, his investments, profit level or other business performances are not so significant. The immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy or industries so much.
(Case #6)The applicant has worked on his research activities as a research student at university. However, as he engages in his research activities under guidance of professor, his research activities are almost the same as those of ordinary students. The immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution in Japan's research field so much.
(Case #7)The applicant has served as a director at an investment firm. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy and has not made other contributions to Japan.
(Case #8)The applicant has served as an assistant director at a system developer firm. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japanese economy so much and have not made other contributions to Japan.
(Case #9)The applicant has stayed in Japan for about 9 years, has composed music and held recitals for playing his own compositions served, and has allegedly made significant efforts in interactions in music between Japan and his home nation. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution in Japan's cultural and art scenes so much.
(Case #10)The applicant has stayed in Japan for about 9 years, has coordinated Japanese artists' many performance shows in his home nation, and has allegedly engaged in holding events to encourage mutual understandings between Japanese firms and corporations in his home nations. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to Japan.
(Case #11)Since entering Japan, the applicant has stayed in Japan for 3 years as an international student. Then, he served as an assistant at Japan's medical school for 5 years. However, the immigration control authority denied the permanent residence status because the authority does not find it contribution to improving Japan's higher education level.
(Case #12)The applicant entered Japan as an assistant teacher of foreign language, having spent the first 3 years as a teacher of a junior high school in Japan and then about 4 years as a teacher in a senior high school. However, the immigration control authority did not find it contribution to improving the level of Japan’s higher education, judging that applicant’s career in Japan is not equivalent to that of full-time teachers, professors, assistant professors or lecturers of university or equivalent academic institution, and thus denied the permanent residence status. (The applicant has stayed in Japan for 6 years and 11 months.)
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Wednesday, July 25, 2007
(This is an unofficial translation and provided for reference only.) ■ Objective Previously, Korean males holding dual nationality, due to birth or for other reasons, had to choose between the two nationalities before the age of 17 prior to being classified for “first military service.” After the age of 18, they cannot relinquish their ROK nationality unless they finish their military service or are exempted from it. And when the time comes, it is usually the parents or grandparents who make the decision on nationality without consulting the minor. In countries in which minors become adults on their 18th birthday, dual nationals independently choose one or the other nationality at the age of 18. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to encourage dual nationality-holders to independently decide on their nationality, by extending the deadline for decision-making until after they reach the age of 18. Recently, an increasing number of Korean women are choosing to give birth in countries granting automatic citizenship to those born there. This trend has caused problems: some dual nationals use their status to avoid military service, which harms Korean national pride. Some pregnant women even seek illegal means to give birth in these countries. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to allow those who became dual nationals at birth because their parents were in another country temporarily to apply to relinquish their ROK nationality only after completing military service in Korea. ■ Main points 1. Dual nationals subject to their first military service may choose one or the other nationality within three months after being placed on the first military service list(Paragraph 1 of Article 12). 2. Dual nationals who were born during their parents’ stay in foreign countries may apply to renounce their ROK nationality after completing active military service, reserves or auxiliary service, second military service or upon exemption from military service (Paragraph 3 of Article 12).
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Korean citizenship still hard to obtain
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» Foreigners filing requests for Korean citizenship at a naturalization office
A 37-year-old Iranian has feet frustrated lately, because his two-year effort to get a Korean passport has made little progress. He says he has contacted the Korea immigration bureau on many occasions only to be told he needs to "wait and see."
He came here 14 years ago and married a Korean woman, meaning he should have no problem in acquiring citizenship. "I think if I get citizenship I will be treated equally with other South Koreans at work," he said. "I didn't know it would be so tough to get it."
Park Jang-myeon, a 55-year-old ethnic Korean who came from China, filed a request to get South Korean nationality. He thought that it would be easy since his mother was South Korean herself but it was one and a half years before he finally got a chance to have a citizenship test at the Justice Ministry. Unfortunately, he failed the test last January and now waits for another chance, not knowing when that will be. He said the ministry informed him of the last test date only a week ahead of time.
There are four ways for foreigners to become South Korean citizens. First, persons over 20 years old who have resided in Korea for over 5 years and are economically independent may take government tests, including a Korean language exam. Second, in case of ethnic Koreans living overseas, at least one of their parents should re-obtain or "restore" South Korean nationality before their sons or daughters can take a qualification test. Third, those who get married to a Korean and live here for more than two years can become naturalized without taking any tests at all. Finally, those who make "special contributions" to Korea may be granted citizenship.
However, the reality is not as easy as it sounds. It usually takes 1-2 years to get citizenshp after an elligible foreigner filed an application. Currently around 45,000 foreigners are waiting in line to be Koreans.
On March 23, an office of the Justice Ministry in Pyeongchon, Gyeonggi Province was flooded with foreign residents demanding to know whether their requests for naturalization were accepted.
Ryu Yeong-nam, a 73-year-old female who came from China, said, "I came here to confirm myself where my request stands since the ministry has not contacted me." The only answer that he got was "there are too many people waiting and so wait some more."
They are wondering why it takes so long to get naturalized. But the reason is simple: Too many people want to become South Korean, but there are too few officials to handle their applications.
The number of citizenship applications stood at 50,000 in 2005, compared with 24,000 in 2002. But there are only 8 people in the Justice Ministry who work in the naturalization office, and only five of them are fully assigned to the job. They have to deal with around 400 applications a week while every week sees an additional 600 cases.
Considering the heavy workload, it is no wonder applicants complain about poor quality of administrative services. The Hankyreh, called 20 times over a period of four days to reach the naturalization information office but got nowhere.
Cha Gyu-geun, a Justice Ministry official working in the naturalization department, said the inconvenience is inevitable due to lack of staff and the ministry is currently in talks with related government agencies to raise the number of needed staff.
Please direct questions or comments to [englishhani@hani.co.kr]
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How to get a permanent residency ?
Eligibility for Permanent Residency
The following persons are eligible to apply for permanent residency
Those who are adults by Korea's civil law and have stayed in Korea with F-2 Status for more than five years ,and ① have financial capacity to support themselves and their family ② have attainments such as being well-behaved and understanding Korean traditions enough to stay permanently in Korea, or
Those who have invested more than 500,000 USD in Korea and have stayed in Korea with D-8 Status for more than three years, while contributing to creating employment opportunities for Korean nationals (more than 5 Koreans), or
Those who have invested more than 5,000,000 USD in Korea and whose acquisition of Permanent Residency is deemed proper by the Justice Minister, or
Those who have special contributions to Korea and whose special contributions are recognized by the Justice Minister
Children of the eligible persons are also eligible for Permanent Residency, if they are under the age of 20
Procudures for Permanent Residency
Procudures for Permanent Residency are as follows ;
① Application → ② Interview → ③ Ajudication → ④ Decision
It takes one or two months from Application to Permanent Residency
Benefits from Permanent Residency
Holders of Permanent Residency can stay and do business freely in Korea
Holders of Permanent Residency are exempt from most of the obligations and restrictions imposed on foreigners in Immigration matters
Holders of Permanent Residency don't have to apply for a Re-Entry permit if they want to leave Korea temporarily and return to Korea in a year.
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International Marriage and Naturalization
1) International MarriageThis refers to marriage between Korean and foreign nationals. Whether the wedding ceremony is held in Korea or in a foreign country, couples should have documented proof of marriage.Both parties must have documentation about their families, because they must prove they are not already married. For Koreans, this means a copy of the Korean person's family register (hojeok). The foreign national will have to provide similar proof.Witnesses are required. Two Korean nationals must sign saying the marriage between the wedding couple is true.Having prepared the above documentation, go to the district office (gucheong) responsible for the address where the Korean national lives. You will be legally married under Korean law within three to four days. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into Korean.2) Naturalization ProcessThe following explains the process by which a foreign national married to a Korean national acquires a visa for a long-term sojourn in Korea and Korean citizenship.
Once married on an F-1 visa (the visa for visiting and joining family), the foreign national may apply for an F-2 visa which grants a right to sojourn of up to 90 days. This visa may be extended every one or two years, depending on the visa applicant’s personal circumstances. In addition, F-2 visa holders are permitted to seek employment. To obtain an F-2 visa, the applicant must tender a visa application, any official proof of the applicant’s relationship to the Korean national (marriage certificate, family registry), and a notarized copy of the Korean spouse’s personal guarantee.
Foreign nationals married to Korean nationals are eligible to apply for Korean citizenship if they have lived in Korea for two years after marriage or have been married for longer than three years and lived in Korea for at least one year.The foreign national may be required to take a citizenship exam, although in some cases, he/she may be exempted.
3) Citizenship of ChildrenIn accordance with the revised Nationality Law, children may acquire Korean citizenship even if only one parent is a Korean citizen. However, even if it is difficult to choose citizenships at an early age, the child must choose one before the age of 18. Even if the father does not have Korean citizenship, the child faces no problems in receiving educational and health insurance benefits.4) Reporting Marriage and BirthReports must be filed with the relevant Immigration Office if the Korean national in an international marriage acquires foreign citizenship based on the citizenship of the foreign national spouse, or if a child is born to foreign national parents, or in case of death of any foreign national.(1) Time to Submit Report and Documents to PrepareReport of Birth: Report within 30 days of birth, using parent's passport, birth certificate, fee of \4O,000.Report of Death: Report within 14 days of death, using Alien Registration Card, death certificate, fee of \40,000.Marriage: Bring passport, Alien Registration Card, written description stating reason for submitting report, fee of \40,000.(2) Things to RememberDocuments required vary according to status of sojourn. You should call first before going to submit report.
(This is an unofficial translation and provided for reference only.) ■ Objective Previously, Korean males holding dual nationality, due to birth or for other reasons, had to choose between the two nationalities before the age of 17 prior to being classified for “first military service.” After the age of 18, they cannot relinquish their ROK nationality unless they finish their military service or are exempted from it. And when the time comes, it is usually the parents or grandparents who make the decision on nationality without consulting the minor. In countries in which minors become adults on their 18th birthday, dual nationals independently choose one or the other nationality at the age of 18. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to encourage dual nationality-holders to independently decide on their nationality, by extending the deadline for decision-making until after they reach the age of 18. Recently, an increasing number of Korean women are choosing to give birth in countries granting automatic citizenship to those born there. This trend has caused problems: some dual nationals use their status to avoid military service, which harms Korean national pride. Some pregnant women even seek illegal means to give birth in these countries. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to allow those who became dual nationals at birth because their parents were in another country temporarily to apply to relinquish their ROK nationality only after completing military service in Korea. ■ Main points 1. Dual nationals subject to their first military service may choose one or the other nationality within three months after being placed on the first military service list(Paragraph 1 of Article 12). 2. Dual nationals who were born during their parents’ stay in foreign countries may apply to renounce their ROK nationality after completing active military service, reserves or auxiliary service, second military service or upon exemption from military service (Paragraph 3 of Article 12).
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Korean citizenship still hard to obtain
.article, .article a, .article a:visited, .article p{ font-size:14px; color:#222222; line-height:24px; }
» Foreigners filing requests for Korean citizenship at a naturalization office
A 37-year-old Iranian has feet frustrated lately, because his two-year effort to get a Korean passport has made little progress. He says he has contacted the Korea immigration bureau on many occasions only to be told he needs to "wait and see."
He came here 14 years ago and married a Korean woman, meaning he should have no problem in acquiring citizenship. "I think if I get citizenship I will be treated equally with other South Koreans at work," he said. "I didn't know it would be so tough to get it."
Park Jang-myeon, a 55-year-old ethnic Korean who came from China, filed a request to get South Korean nationality. He thought that it would be easy since his mother was South Korean herself but it was one and a half years before he finally got a chance to have a citizenship test at the Justice Ministry. Unfortunately, he failed the test last January and now waits for another chance, not knowing when that will be. He said the ministry informed him of the last test date only a week ahead of time.
There are four ways for foreigners to become South Korean citizens. First, persons over 20 years old who have resided in Korea for over 5 years and are economically independent may take government tests, including a Korean language exam. Second, in case of ethnic Koreans living overseas, at least one of their parents should re-obtain or "restore" South Korean nationality before their sons or daughters can take a qualification test. Third, those who get married to a Korean and live here for more than two years can become naturalized without taking any tests at all. Finally, those who make "special contributions" to Korea may be granted citizenship.
However, the reality is not as easy as it sounds. It usually takes 1-2 years to get citizenshp after an elligible foreigner filed an application. Currently around 45,000 foreigners are waiting in line to be Koreans.
On March 23, an office of the Justice Ministry in Pyeongchon, Gyeonggi Province was flooded with foreign residents demanding to know whether their requests for naturalization were accepted.
Ryu Yeong-nam, a 73-year-old female who came from China, said, "I came here to confirm myself where my request stands since the ministry has not contacted me." The only answer that he got was "there are too many people waiting and so wait some more."
They are wondering why it takes so long to get naturalized. But the reason is simple: Too many people want to become South Korean, but there are too few officials to handle their applications.
The number of citizenship applications stood at 50,000 in 2005, compared with 24,000 in 2002. But there are only 8 people in the Justice Ministry who work in the naturalization office, and only five of them are fully assigned to the job. They have to deal with around 400 applications a week while every week sees an additional 600 cases.
Considering the heavy workload, it is no wonder applicants complain about poor quality of administrative services. The Hankyreh, called 20 times over a period of four days to reach the naturalization information office but got nowhere.
Cha Gyu-geun, a Justice Ministry official working in the naturalization department, said the inconvenience is inevitable due to lack of staff and the ministry is currently in talks with related government agencies to raise the number of needed staff.
Please direct questions or comments to [englishhani@hani.co.kr]
Public - 6:08 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
How to get a permanent residency ?
Eligibility for Permanent Residency
The following persons are eligible to apply for permanent residency
Those who are adults by Korea's civil law and have stayed in Korea with F-2 Status for more than five years ,and ① have financial capacity to support themselves and their family ② have attainments such as being well-behaved and understanding Korean traditions enough to stay permanently in Korea, or
Those who have invested more than 500,000 USD in Korea and have stayed in Korea with D-8 Status for more than three years, while contributing to creating employment opportunities for Korean nationals (more than 5 Koreans), or
Those who have invested more than 5,000,000 USD in Korea and whose acquisition of Permanent Residency is deemed proper by the Justice Minister, or
Those who have special contributions to Korea and whose special contributions are recognized by the Justice Minister
Children of the eligible persons are also eligible for Permanent Residency, if they are under the age of 20
Procudures for Permanent Residency
Procudures for Permanent Residency are as follows ;
① Application → ② Interview → ③ Ajudication → ④ Decision
It takes one or two months from Application to Permanent Residency
Benefits from Permanent Residency
Holders of Permanent Residency can stay and do business freely in Korea
Holders of Permanent Residency are exempt from most of the obligations and restrictions imposed on foreigners in Immigration matters
Holders of Permanent Residency don't have to apply for a Re-Entry permit if they want to leave Korea temporarily and return to Korea in a year.
Public - 5:45 PM - add eprops - add comments - edit it - email it
International Marriage and Naturalization
1) International MarriageThis refers to marriage between Korean and foreign nationals. Whether the wedding ceremony is held in Korea or in a foreign country, couples should have documented proof of marriage.Both parties must have documentation about their families, because they must prove they are not already married. For Koreans, this means a copy of the Korean person's family register (hojeok). The foreign national will have to provide similar proof.Witnesses are required. Two Korean nationals must sign saying the marriage between the wedding couple is true.Having prepared the above documentation, go to the district office (gucheong) responsible for the address where the Korean national lives. You will be legally married under Korean law within three to four days. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into Korean.2) Naturalization ProcessThe following explains the process by which a foreign national married to a Korean national acquires a visa for a long-term sojourn in Korea and Korean citizenship.
Once married on an F-1 visa (the visa for visiting and joining family), the foreign national may apply for an F-2 visa which grants a right to sojourn of up to 90 days. This visa may be extended every one or two years, depending on the visa applicant’s personal circumstances. In addition, F-2 visa holders are permitted to seek employment. To obtain an F-2 visa, the applicant must tender a visa application, any official proof of the applicant’s relationship to the Korean national (marriage certificate, family registry), and a notarized copy of the Korean spouse’s personal guarantee.
Foreign nationals married to Korean nationals are eligible to apply for Korean citizenship if they have lived in Korea for two years after marriage or have been married for longer than three years and lived in Korea for at least one year.The foreign national may be required to take a citizenship exam, although in some cases, he/she may be exempted.
3) Citizenship of ChildrenIn accordance with the revised Nationality Law, children may acquire Korean citizenship even if only one parent is a Korean citizen. However, even if it is difficult to choose citizenships at an early age, the child must choose one before the age of 18. Even if the father does not have Korean citizenship, the child faces no problems in receiving educational and health insurance benefits.4) Reporting Marriage and BirthReports must be filed with the relevant Immigration Office if the Korean national in an international marriage acquires foreign citizenship based on the citizenship of the foreign national spouse, or if a child is born to foreign national parents, or in case of death of any foreign national.(1) Time to Submit Report and Documents to PrepareReport of Birth: Report within 30 days of birth, using parent's passport, birth certificate, fee of \4O,000.Report of Death: Report within 14 days of death, using Alien Registration Card, death certificate, fee of \40,000.Marriage: Bring passport, Alien Registration Card, written description stating reason for submitting report, fee of \40,000.(2) Things to RememberDocuments required vary according to status of sojourn. You should call first before going to submit report.
Wednesday, July 25, 2007
(This is an unofficial translation and provided for reference only.) ■ Objective Previously, Korean males holding dual nationality, due to birth or for other reasons, had to choose between the two nationalities before the age of 17 prior to being classified for “first military service.” After the age of 18, they cannot relinquish their ROK nationality unless they finish their military service or are exempted from it. And when the time comes, it is usually the parents or grandparents who make the decision on nationality without consulting the minor. In countries in which minors become adults on their 18th birthday, dual nationals independently choose one or the other nationality at the age of 18. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to encourage dual nationality-holders to independently decide on their nationality, by extending the deadline for decision-making until after they reach the age of 18. Recently, an increasing number of Korean women are choosing to give birth in countries granting automatic citizenship to those born there. This trend has caused problems: some dual nationals use their status to avoid military service, which harms Korean national pride. Some pregnant women even seek illegal means to give birth in these countries. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to allow those who became dual nationals at birth because their parents were in another country temporarily to apply to relinquish their ROK nationality only after completing military service in Korea. ■ Main points 1. Dual nationals subject to their first military service may choose one or the other nationality within three months after being placed on the first military service list(Paragraph 1 of Article 12). 2. Dual nationals who were born during their parents’ stay in foreign countries may apply to renounce their ROK nationality after completing active military service, reserves or auxiliary service, second military service or upon exemption from military service (Paragraph 3 of Article 12).
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Korean citizenship still hard to obtain
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» Foreigners filing requests for Korean citizenship at a naturalization office
A 37-year-old Iranian has feet frustrated lately, because his two-year effort to get a Korean passport has made little progress. He says he has contacted the Korea immigration bureau on many occasions only to be told he needs to "wait and see."
He came here 14 years ago and married a Korean woman, meaning he should have no problem in acquiring citizenship. "I think if I get citizenship I will be treated equally with other South Koreans at work," he said. "I didn't know it would be so tough to get it."
Park Jang-myeon, a 55-year-old ethnic Korean who came from China, filed a request to get South Korean nationality. He thought that it would be easy since his mother was South Korean herself but it was one and a half years before he finally got a chance to have a citizenship test at the Justice Ministry. Unfortunately, he failed the test last January and now waits for another chance, not knowing when that will be. He said the ministry informed him of the last test date only a week ahead of time.
There are four ways for foreigners to become South Korean citizens. First, persons over 20 years old who have resided in Korea for over 5 years and are economically independent may take government tests, including a Korean language exam. Second, in case of ethnic Koreans living overseas, at least one of their parents should re-obtain or "restore" South Korean nationality before their sons or daughters can take a qualification test. Third, those who get married to a Korean and live here for more than two years can become naturalized without taking any tests at all. Finally, those who make "special contributions" to Korea may be granted citizenship.
However, the reality is not as easy as it sounds. It usually takes 1-2 years to get citizenshp after an elligible foreigner filed an application. Currently around 45,000 foreigners are waiting in line to be Koreans.
On March 23, an office of the Justice Ministry in Pyeongchon, Gyeonggi Province was flooded with foreign residents demanding to know whether their requests for naturalization were accepted.
Ryu Yeong-nam, a 73-year-old female who came from China, said, "I came here to confirm myself where my request stands since the ministry has not contacted me." The only answer that he got was "there are too many people waiting and so wait some more."
They are wondering why it takes so long to get naturalized. But the reason is simple: Too many people want to become South Korean, but there are too few officials to handle their applications.
The number of citizenship applications stood at 50,000 in 2005, compared with 24,000 in 2002. But there are only 8 people in the Justice Ministry who work in the naturalization office, and only five of them are fully assigned to the job. They have to deal with around 400 applications a week while every week sees an additional 600 cases.
Considering the heavy workload, it is no wonder applicants complain about poor quality of administrative services. The Hankyreh, called 20 times over a period of four days to reach the naturalization information office but got nowhere.
Cha Gyu-geun, a Justice Ministry official working in the naturalization department, said the inconvenience is inevitable due to lack of staff and the ministry is currently in talks with related government agencies to raise the number of needed staff.
Please direct questions or comments to [englishhani@hani.co.kr]
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How to get a permanent residency ?
Eligibility for Permanent Residency
The following persons are eligible to apply for permanent residency
Those who are adults by Korea's civil law and have stayed in Korea with F-2 Status for more than five years ,and ① have financial capacity to support themselves and their family ② have attainments such as being well-behaved and understanding Korean traditions enough to stay permanently in Korea, or
Those who have invested more than 500,000 USD in Korea and have stayed in Korea with D-8 Status for more than three years, while contributing to creating employment opportunities for Korean nationals (more than 5 Koreans), or
Those who have invested more than 5,000,000 USD in Korea and whose acquisition of Permanent Residency is deemed proper by the Justice Minister, or
Those who have special contributions to Korea and whose special contributions are recognized by the Justice Minister
Children of the eligible persons are also eligible for Permanent Residency, if they are under the age of 20
Procudures for Permanent Residency
Procudures for Permanent Residency are as follows ;
① Application → ② Interview → ③ Ajudication → ④ Decision
It takes one or two months from Application to Permanent Residency
Benefits from Permanent Residency
Holders of Permanent Residency can stay and do business freely in Korea
Holders of Permanent Residency are exempt from most of the obligations and restrictions imposed on foreigners in Immigration matters
Holders of Permanent Residency don't have to apply for a Re-Entry permit if they want to leave Korea temporarily and return to Korea in a year.
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International Marriage and Naturalization
1) International MarriageThis refers to marriage between Korean and foreign nationals. Whether the wedding ceremony is held in Korea or in a foreign country, couples should have documented proof of marriage.Both parties must have documentation about their families, because they must prove they are not already married. For Koreans, this means a copy of the Korean person's family register (hojeok). The foreign national will have to provide similar proof.Witnesses are required. Two Korean nationals must sign saying the marriage between the wedding couple is true.Having prepared the above documentation, go to the district office (gucheong) responsible for the address where the Korean national lives. You will be legally married under Korean law within three to four days. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into Korean.2) Naturalization ProcessThe following explains the process by which a foreign national married to a Korean national acquires a visa for a long-term sojourn in Korea and Korean citizenship.
Once married on an F-1 visa (the visa for visiting and joining family), the foreign national may apply for an F-2 visa which grants a right to sojourn of up to 90 days. This visa may be extended every one or two years, depending on the visa applicant’s personal circumstances. In addition, F-2 visa holders are permitted to seek employment. To obtain an F-2 visa, the applicant must tender a visa application, any official proof of the applicant’s relationship to the Korean national (marriage certificate, family registry), and a notarized copy of the Korean spouse’s personal guarantee.
Foreign nationals married to Korean nationals are eligible to apply for Korean citizenship if they have lived in Korea for two years after marriage or have been married for longer than three years and lived in Korea for at least one year.The foreign national may be required to take a citizenship exam, although in some cases, he/she may be exempted.
3) Citizenship of ChildrenIn accordance with the revised Nationality Law, children may acquire Korean citizenship even if only one parent is a Korean citizen. However, even if it is difficult to choose citizenships at an early age, the child must choose one before the age of 18. Even if the father does not have Korean citizenship, the child faces no problems in receiving educational and health insurance benefits.4) Reporting Marriage and BirthReports must be filed with the relevant Immigration Office if the Korean national in an international marriage acquires foreign citizenship based on the citizenship of the foreign national spouse, or if a child is born to foreign national parents, or in case of death of any foreign national.(1) Time to Submit Report and Documents to PrepareReport of Birth: Report within 30 days of birth, using parent's passport, birth certificate, fee of \4O,000.Report of Death: Report within 14 days of death, using Alien Registration Card, death certificate, fee of \40,000.Marriage: Bring passport, Alien Registration Card, written description stating reason for submitting report, fee of \40,000.(2) Things to RememberDocuments required vary according to status of sojourn. You should call first before going to submit report.
(This is an unofficial translation and provided for reference only.) ■ Objective Previously, Korean males holding dual nationality, due to birth or for other reasons, had to choose between the two nationalities before the age of 17 prior to being classified for “first military service.” After the age of 18, they cannot relinquish their ROK nationality unless they finish their military service or are exempted from it. And when the time comes, it is usually the parents or grandparents who make the decision on nationality without consulting the minor. In countries in which minors become adults on their 18th birthday, dual nationals independently choose one or the other nationality at the age of 18. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to encourage dual nationality-holders to independently decide on their nationality, by extending the deadline for decision-making until after they reach the age of 18. Recently, an increasing number of Korean women are choosing to give birth in countries granting automatic citizenship to those born there. This trend has caused problems: some dual nationals use their status to avoid military service, which harms Korean national pride. Some pregnant women even seek illegal means to give birth in these countries. Thus, the purpose of this amendment is to allow those who became dual nationals at birth because their parents were in another country temporarily to apply to relinquish their ROK nationality only after completing military service in Korea. ■ Main points 1. Dual nationals subject to their first military service may choose one or the other nationality within three months after being placed on the first military service list(Paragraph 1 of Article 12). 2. Dual nationals who were born during their parents’ stay in foreign countries may apply to renounce their ROK nationality after completing active military service, reserves or auxiliary service, second military service or upon exemption from military service (Paragraph 3 of Article 12).
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Korean citizenship still hard to obtain
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» Foreigners filing requests for Korean citizenship at a naturalization office
A 37-year-old Iranian has feet frustrated lately, because his two-year effort to get a Korean passport has made little progress. He says he has contacted the Korea immigration bureau on many occasions only to be told he needs to "wait and see."
He came here 14 years ago and married a Korean woman, meaning he should have no problem in acquiring citizenship. "I think if I get citizenship I will be treated equally with other South Koreans at work," he said. "I didn't know it would be so tough to get it."
Park Jang-myeon, a 55-year-old ethnic Korean who came from China, filed a request to get South Korean nationality. He thought that it would be easy since his mother was South Korean herself but it was one and a half years before he finally got a chance to have a citizenship test at the Justice Ministry. Unfortunately, he failed the test last January and now waits for another chance, not knowing when that will be. He said the ministry informed him of the last test date only a week ahead of time.
There are four ways for foreigners to become South Korean citizens. First, persons over 20 years old who have resided in Korea for over 5 years and are economically independent may take government tests, including a Korean language exam. Second, in case of ethnic Koreans living overseas, at least one of their parents should re-obtain or "restore" South Korean nationality before their sons or daughters can take a qualification test. Third, those who get married to a Korean and live here for more than two years can become naturalized without taking any tests at all. Finally, those who make "special contributions" to Korea may be granted citizenship.
However, the reality is not as easy as it sounds. It usually takes 1-2 years to get citizenshp after an elligible foreigner filed an application. Currently around 45,000 foreigners are waiting in line to be Koreans.
On March 23, an office of the Justice Ministry in Pyeongchon, Gyeonggi Province was flooded with foreign residents demanding to know whether their requests for naturalization were accepted.
Ryu Yeong-nam, a 73-year-old female who came from China, said, "I came here to confirm myself where my request stands since the ministry has not contacted me." The only answer that he got was "there are too many people waiting and so wait some more."
They are wondering why it takes so long to get naturalized. But the reason is simple: Too many people want to become South Korean, but there are too few officials to handle their applications.
The number of citizenship applications stood at 50,000 in 2005, compared with 24,000 in 2002. But there are only 8 people in the Justice Ministry who work in the naturalization office, and only five of them are fully assigned to the job. They have to deal with around 400 applications a week while every week sees an additional 600 cases.
Considering the heavy workload, it is no wonder applicants complain about poor quality of administrative services. The Hankyreh, called 20 times over a period of four days to reach the naturalization information office but got nowhere.
Cha Gyu-geun, a Justice Ministry official working in the naturalization department, said the inconvenience is inevitable due to lack of staff and the ministry is currently in talks with related government agencies to raise the number of needed staff.
Please direct questions or comments to [englishhani@hani.co.kr]
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How to get a permanent residency ?
Eligibility for Permanent Residency
The following persons are eligible to apply for permanent residency
Those who are adults by Korea's civil law and have stayed in Korea with F-2 Status for more than five years ,and ① have financial capacity to support themselves and their family ② have attainments such as being well-behaved and understanding Korean traditions enough to stay permanently in Korea, or
Those who have invested more than 500,000 USD in Korea and have stayed in Korea with D-8 Status for more than three years, while contributing to creating employment opportunities for Korean nationals (more than 5 Koreans), or
Those who have invested more than 5,000,000 USD in Korea and whose acquisition of Permanent Residency is deemed proper by the Justice Minister, or
Those who have special contributions to Korea and whose special contributions are recognized by the Justice Minister
Children of the eligible persons are also eligible for Permanent Residency, if they are under the age of 20
Procudures for Permanent Residency
Procudures for Permanent Residency are as follows ;
① Application → ② Interview → ③ Ajudication → ④ Decision
It takes one or two months from Application to Permanent Residency
Benefits from Permanent Residency
Holders of Permanent Residency can stay and do business freely in Korea
Holders of Permanent Residency are exempt from most of the obligations and restrictions imposed on foreigners in Immigration matters
Holders of Permanent Residency don't have to apply for a Re-Entry permit if they want to leave Korea temporarily and return to Korea in a year.
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International Marriage and Naturalization
1) International MarriageThis refers to marriage between Korean and foreign nationals. Whether the wedding ceremony is held in Korea or in a foreign country, couples should have documented proof of marriage.Both parties must have documentation about their families, because they must prove they are not already married. For Koreans, this means a copy of the Korean person's family register (hojeok). The foreign national will have to provide similar proof.Witnesses are required. Two Korean nationals must sign saying the marriage between the wedding couple is true.Having prepared the above documentation, go to the district office (gucheong) responsible for the address where the Korean national lives. You will be legally married under Korean law within three to four days. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into Korean.2) Naturalization ProcessThe following explains the process by which a foreign national married to a Korean national acquires a visa for a long-term sojourn in Korea and Korean citizenship.
Once married on an F-1 visa (the visa for visiting and joining family), the foreign national may apply for an F-2 visa which grants a right to sojourn of up to 90 days. This visa may be extended every one or two years, depending on the visa applicant’s personal circumstances. In addition, F-2 visa holders are permitted to seek employment. To obtain an F-2 visa, the applicant must tender a visa application, any official proof of the applicant’s relationship to the Korean national (marriage certificate, family registry), and a notarized copy of the Korean spouse’s personal guarantee.
Foreign nationals married to Korean nationals are eligible to apply for Korean citizenship if they have lived in Korea for two years after marriage or have been married for longer than three years and lived in Korea for at least one year.The foreign national may be required to take a citizenship exam, although in some cases, he/she may be exempted.
3) Citizenship of ChildrenIn accordance with the revised Nationality Law, children may acquire Korean citizenship even if only one parent is a Korean citizen. However, even if it is difficult to choose citizenships at an early age, the child must choose one before the age of 18. Even if the father does not have Korean citizenship, the child faces no problems in receiving educational and health insurance benefits.4) Reporting Marriage and BirthReports must be filed with the relevant Immigration Office if the Korean national in an international marriage acquires foreign citizenship based on the citizenship of the foreign national spouse, or if a child is born to foreign national parents, or in case of death of any foreign national.(1) Time to Submit Report and Documents to PrepareReport of Birth: Report within 30 days of birth, using parent's passport, birth certificate, fee of \4O,000.Report of Death: Report within 14 days of death, using Alien Registration Card, death certificate, fee of \40,000.Marriage: Bring passport, Alien Registration Card, written description stating reason for submitting report, fee of \40,000.(2) Things to RememberDocuments required vary according to status of sojourn. You should call first before going to submit report.
If a "Chinese national" (meaning in the end if you "feel Chinese") then the PRC says that you can have only one citizenship: Chinese. A person who is a Chinese citizen holding a permanent identity card of the HKSAR and has the right of abode (ROA) in the HKSAR is eligible to apply for a HKSAR passport. This passport is just a "travel document" and not determinative of citizenship in the eyes of US and Chinese law respectively. Therefore, since the US allows only one citizenship and HK does not care either way, it is possible.
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What is Dual Citizenship (or Dual Nationality)? Dual citizenship or dual nationality is simply being a citizen of two countries. ?The United States allows dual citizenship. For example, if you were born in Mexico you are a native-born Mexican. ?If you move to the United States and become a naturalized US citizen, you now have dual citizenship. ?Dual citizens can carry two passports and essentially live, work, and travel freely within their native and naturalized countries. Some dual citizens also enjoy the privilege of voting in both countries, owning property in both countries, and having government health care in both countries. Dual citizenship is becoming more common in our increasingly interconnected, global economy. ?Many countries are now seeing the advantages of dual citizenship and are liberalizing their citizenship laws (India, the Phillippines, and Mexico are recent examples). ?Dual citizenship has the advantages of broadening a country economic base by promoting trade and investment between the dual citizen two respective countries. Some countries do not allow dual citizenship. ?For example, if you were born South Korea and become a US citizen, you will most likely lose your Korean citizenship if the Korean government finds out about it. ?But an increasing number of these countries that prohibit dual citizenship are not enforcing their laws regarding dual citizenship. ?So, you may informally have dual citizenship if your native country does not take away your citizenship after you become a US citizen. The following website list countries that officially allow and do not allow dual citizenship: Dual Nationality Dual Citizenship, the Naturalized US Citizen, and the Oath of Allegiance hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen? from the Oath of Allegiance The opening lines of the Oath of Allegiance are meant to give the United States exclusive sovereignty over the newly naturalized citizen. ?In other words, you are a citizen of one and only one country, the United States of America. ?The idea is that as soon as you take the Oath of Allegiance and become an American, you are giving up your citizenship of your native country. Naturalized citizens are not legally obligated to give up their citizenship of their native country. ?The United States has never ordered (as far as we know) any newly naturalized US citizens to present themselves to their native country embassy and formally renounce their original citizenship. ?In the past, the first part of the oath was never a problem because almost all countries took away a person citizenship as soon as they became a citizen of another country. Legally speaking, however, there is nothing in the Constitution and there are no past rulings from the United States Supreme Court preventing the United States (via the USCIS and the State Department) from requiring all naturalized citizens to officially renounce their original citizenship to their native country as a condition of naturalization. ?However it seems very unlikely that this would occur for a number of reasons:
Even in the aftermath of September 11th, there doesn seem to be much political support or even political will for implementing such an extreme policy.
Many foreign countries may resist implementation of any such policy. ?These countries could simply refuse to accept any renouncement of citizenship as a condition of US citizenship, which the US would be powerless to stop.
The rate of naturalization in this country would drop off dramatically and alienate many immigrants, creating divisiveness and polarization in a country that prides itself on being the reat melting pot.?
More practically speaking, besides the administrative cost of implementing such a policy, the US government is ever so slowly waking up to the fact that there are more benefits in terms of economic opportunities and US cultural expansion than risks in allowing dual citizenship. The important thing to remember about the Oath of Allegiance is not the renouncement of your original citizenship, which the US does not enforce and permits you to keep anyway.? The important thing to remember is the allegiance and fidelity you swear to the United States of America. ?That the power in the Oath and that why you should display the Oath of Allegiance. ?It is a reminder of the promise you made to be faithful and true to the United States. ?The Oath is also demonstration to everyone else of your loyalty and the sworn commitment you made to place America first! On Being a Dual Citizen As mentioned previously, the United States government does allow dual citizenship. ?They don approve of dual citizenshiphey simply tolerate it. ?You need to understand this distinction so you won have problems with the US government at the border, at the airport, or abroad at one of their embassies or consulates. In America When leaving or returning to the United States always present yourself as a US citizen (show your US passport and declare yourself to be a US citizen). ?When inside the United States and dealing with the local police or any other local, state or federal official, if a question comes up about your citizenship, tell them youe an American. ?It that simple. ?Don mention your dual citizenship or that you are a citizen of another country unless specifically asked. ?Ninety-nine percent of the time the police and government officials don care because in the eyes of US law you are an American first and foremost and subject to our laws. In Your Native Country When returning to or leaving from your native country, always present yourself as a citizen of their country (show them your native country passport, not your US passport, and declare yourself to be a citizen of your native country). ?When inside that country, be a citizen of that country. ?When dealing with the local police or any other local or federal official, if a question comes up about your citizenship, tell them you are citizen of that country. ?If they ask where you live, tell them in America. ?Don mention your dual citizenship or that you are an American unless specifically asked. ?In the eyes of that government you are citizen of that country first and subject to its laws and regulations even though you live in America. If you go to a US embassy or consulate in your native country for help or assistance, represent yourself as an American. ?The embassy staff will probably ask about your dual citizenship. ?Why? ?Because as far as international law goes, your native country has legal claim on you first when youe in that country. ?This may limit the kind of help the US embassy or consulate can give you, especially if you are in trouble with your native country laws and government. Other Practical Tips for Dual Citizens Please obtain a passport of both your native country and the US. ?It will make traveling between the two countries and abroad so much easier. ?For information about obtaining a US passport go to Passport Information. When you travel between the two countries carry both passports. ?US law and the laws of countries that allow dual citizenship allow you to carry more than one passport. As mentioned previously when entering or leaving the United States use your US passport. ?When entering or leaving your native country, use your native country passport. When traveling by air, the same principles apply, but dealing with the airlines may be confusing. ?The airlines are interested in what passport you will use at your destination. ?So before your flight begins, the airlines will ask for your passport so they can verify that you can legally enter the country at your destination. ?Your passport information will be entered into their computer system and will become part of the flight manifest. ?So make sure you show the airlines, the passport you will use at each of your destinations. For example, let say you are dual citizen of both the United States and Great Britain. You live in New York and you are traveling to London. ?In New York, when you check in for your flight to London, you would show the airline your British passport. ? You will be entering Great Britain as a British citizen so the British passport is the passport the airline wants to see. ?When you are in London and checking in for your return flight to New York, you would show the airline your U.S. passport. ?You will be entering United States as an American citizen so the U.S. passport is the passport the airline wants to see. ?Keep in mind, while you are in the airport, if you are asked by government officials about your citizenship, if in the U.S., be an American and show them your U.S. passport. ?In the airport of your native country, be a citizen of that country and show them your passport for that country. Some airlines may ask you upfront, when you check in for the first time, how you are going to enter each country on both the outgoing flight and the return flight. ?In this case, you would show them both your passports. ?Also, be prepared when you first book your flights to discuss the dual passport issue with the airline reservation agent. When traveling to a third country (lets say youe a dual citizen of Brazil and the US and you are traveling to the Philippines), the choice of which passport to present at the third country border is up to you. ?We suggest doing a little research before leaving, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of using your native country passport as well as the possible consequences. ?Remember when you return to the US you will have to present your US passport, so bring it with you. Lastly, please be discreet about your dual citizenship. ?Dual citizenship is still controversial here in the United States and in many other countries. ?When in the United States, be an American. ?Unnecessarily flaunting your other citizenship may stir resent among the Americans who don have dual citizenship and lead them and others to question why you became an American in the first place. ? Opposition to Dual Citizenship Websites with Further Information on Dual Citizenship: Dual Citizenship FAQ is the most comprehensive, non-academic, non-legalese discussion on dual citizenship. Dual Nationality has some excellent links to other sites that discuss dual citizenship. A somewhat exhaustive and academic discussion of dual citizenship by Peter S. Spiro, a leading scholar in the area of citizenship and nationality law: Embracing Dual Nationality
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South Korean nationality law
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(Redirected from Dual citizenship in South Korea)
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Flag of South Korea
The government of the Republic of Korea does not permit dual citizenship after the age of 21. Foreign citizens of Korean descent who hold dual citizenship under South Korean law and work or study in South Korea are usually compelled by the Republic of Korea to choose one or the other nationality soon after reaching that age.
This can cause complications for ethnic Arabs also of Korean descent, whether born in or outside South Korea, since they may have automatically acquired their ancestral country's citizenship at birth. This applies particularly to ethnic Algerians,[1] Egyptians,[2] Lebanese,[3] Libyans,[4] Moroccans (see Moroccan nationality law), Omanis [5] and Tunisians.[6] born in South Korea or to a South-Korean parent.
South Korean-born Israeli citizens who have at least one Israeli parent may also be affected because, unlike Japan, Israel permits multiple citizenship.
In addition, South Korean men over the age of 18, including foreign citizens of Korean descent, are subject to compulsory military service. A dual national may not be allowed to abandon his Republic of Korea nationality until he finishes his military service, or has received a special exemption from military service. In some cases, men of South Korean descent visiting from overseas have been forcibly drafted upon visiting the country, despite having never been there before and not having Korean citizenship.[1]
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What is Dual Citizenship (or Dual Nationality)? Dual citizenship or dual nationality is simply being a citizen of two countries. ?The United States allows dual citizenship. For example, if you were born in Mexico you are a native-born Mexican. ?If you move to the United States and become a naturalized US citizen, you now have dual citizenship. ?Dual citizens can carry two passports and essentially live, work, and travel freely within their native and naturalized countries. Some dual citizens also enjoy the privilege of voting in both countries, owning property in both countries, and having government health care in both countries. Dual citizenship is becoming more common in our increasingly interconnected, global economy. ?Many countries are now seeing the advantages of dual citizenship and are liberalizing their citizenship laws (India, the Phillippines, and Mexico are recent examples). ?Dual citizenship has the advantages of broadening a country economic base by promoting trade and investment between the dual citizen two respective countries. Some countries do not allow dual citizenship. ?For example, if you were born South Korea and become a US citizen, you will most likely lose your Korean citizenship if the Korean government finds out about it. ?But an increasing number of these countries that prohibit dual citizenship are not enforcing their laws regarding dual citizenship. ?So, you may informally have dual citizenship if your native country does not take away your citizenship after you become a US citizen. The following website list countries that officially allow and do not allow dual citizenship: Dual Nationality Dual Citizenship, the Naturalized US Citizen, and the Oath of Allegiance hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen? from the Oath of Allegiance The opening lines of the Oath of Allegiance are meant to give the United States exclusive sovereignty over the newly naturalized citizen. ?In other words, you are a citizen of one and only one country, the United States of America. ?The idea is that as soon as you take the Oath of Allegiance and become an American, you are giving up your citizenship of your native country. Naturalized citizens are not legally obligated to give up their citizenship of their native country. ?The United States has never ordered (as far as we know) any newly naturalized US citizens to present themselves to their native country embassy and formally renounce their original citizenship. ?In the past, the first part of the oath was never a problem because almost all countries took away a person citizenship as soon as they became a citizen of another country. Legally speaking, however, there is nothing in the Constitution and there are no past rulings from the United States Supreme Court preventing the United States (via the USCIS and the State Department) from requiring all naturalized citizens to officially renounce their original citizenship to their native country as a condition of naturalization. ?However it seems very unlikely that this would occur for a number of reasons:
Even in the aftermath of September 11th, there doesn seem to be much political support or even political will for implementing such an extreme policy.
Many foreign countries may resist implementation of any such policy. ?These countries could simply refuse to accept any renouncement of citizenship as a condition of US citizenship, which the US would be powerless to stop.
The rate of naturalization in this country would drop off dramatically and alienate many immigrants, creating divisiveness and polarization in a country that prides itself on being the reat melting pot.?
More practically speaking, besides the administrative cost of implementing such a policy, the US government is ever so slowly waking up to the fact that there are more benefits in terms of economic opportunities and US cultural expansion than risks in allowing dual citizenship. The important thing to remember about the Oath of Allegiance is not the renouncement of your original citizenship, which the US does not enforce and permits you to keep anyway.? The important thing to remember is the allegiance and fidelity you swear to the United States of America. ?That the power in the Oath and that why you should display the Oath of Allegiance. ?It is a reminder of the promise you made to be faithful and true to the United States. ?The Oath is also demonstration to everyone else of your loyalty and the sworn commitment you made to place America first! On Being a Dual Citizen As mentioned previously, the United States government does allow dual citizenship. ?They don approve of dual citizenshiphey simply tolerate it. ?You need to understand this distinction so you won have problems with the US government at the border, at the airport, or abroad at one of their embassies or consulates. In America When leaving or returning to the United States always present yourself as a US citizen (show your US passport and declare yourself to be a US citizen). ?When inside the United States and dealing with the local police or any other local, state or federal official, if a question comes up about your citizenship, tell them youe an American. ?It that simple. ?Don mention your dual citizenship or that you are a citizen of another country unless specifically asked. ?Ninety-nine percent of the time the police and government officials don care because in the eyes of US law you are an American first and foremost and subject to our laws. In Your Native Country When returning to or leaving from your native country, always present yourself as a citizen of their country (show them your native country passport, not your US passport, and declare yourself to be a citizen of your native country). ?When inside that country, be a citizen of that country. ?When dealing with the local police or any other local or federal official, if a question comes up about your citizenship, tell them you are citizen of that country. ?If they ask where you live, tell them in America. ?Don mention your dual citizenship or that you are an American unless specifically asked. ?In the eyes of that government you are citizen of that country first and subject to its laws and regulations even though you live in America. If you go to a US embassy or consulate in your native country for help or assistance, represent yourself as an American. ?The embassy staff will probably ask about your dual citizenship. ?Why? ?Because as far as international law goes, your native country has legal claim on you first when youe in that country. ?This may limit the kind of help the US embassy or consulate can give you, especially if you are in trouble with your native country laws and government. Other Practical Tips for Dual Citizens Please obtain a passport of both your native country and the US. ?It will make traveling between the two countries and abroad so much easier. ?For information about obtaining a US passport go to Passport Information. When you travel between the two countries carry both passports. ?US law and the laws of countries that allow dual citizenship allow you to carry more than one passport. As mentioned previously when entering or leaving the United States use your US passport. ?When entering or leaving your native country, use your native country passport. When traveling by air, the same principles apply, but dealing with the airlines may be confusing. ?The airlines are interested in what passport you will use at your destination. ?So before your flight begins, the airlines will ask for your passport so they can verify that you can legally enter the country at your destination. ?Your passport information will be entered into their computer system and will become part of the flight manifest. ?So make sure you show the airlines, the passport you will use at each of your destinations. For example, let say you are dual citizen of both the United States and Great Britain. You live in New York and you are traveling to London. ?In New York, when you check in for your flight to London, you would show the airline your British passport. ? You will be entering Great Britain as a British citizen so the British passport is the passport the airline wants to see. ?When you are in London and checking in for your return flight to New York, you would show the airline your U.S. passport. ?You will be entering United States as an American citizen so the U.S. passport is the passport the airline wants to see. ?Keep in mind, while you are in the airport, if you are asked by government officials about your citizenship, if in the U.S., be an American and show them your U.S. passport. ?In the airport of your native country, be a citizen of that country and show them your passport for that country. Some airlines may ask you upfront, when you check in for the first time, how you are going to enter each country on both the outgoing flight and the return flight. ?In this case, you would show them both your passports. ?Also, be prepared when you first book your flights to discuss the dual passport issue with the airline reservation agent. When traveling to a third country (lets say youe a dual citizen of Brazil and the US and you are traveling to the Philippines), the choice of which passport to present at the third country border is up to you. ?We suggest doing a little research before leaving, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of using your native country passport as well as the possible consequences. ?Remember when you return to the US you will have to present your US passport, so bring it with you. Lastly, please be discreet about your dual citizenship. ?Dual citizenship is still controversial here in the United States and in many other countries. ?When in the United States, be an American. ?Unnecessarily flaunting your other citizenship may stir resent among the Americans who don have dual citizenship and lead them and others to question why you became an American in the first place. ? Opposition to Dual Citizenship Websites with Further Information on Dual Citizenship: Dual Citizenship FAQ is the most comprehensive, non-academic, non-legalese discussion on dual citizenship. Dual Nationality has some excellent links to other sites that discuss dual citizenship. A somewhat exhaustive and academic discussion of dual citizenship by Peter S. Spiro, a leading scholar in the area of citizenship and nationality law: Embracing Dual Nationality
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South Korean nationality law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Dual citizenship in South Korea)
Jump to: navigation, search
Flag of South Korea
The government of the Republic of Korea does not permit dual citizenship after the age of 21. Foreign citizens of Korean descent who hold dual citizenship under South Korean law and work or study in South Korea are usually compelled by the Republic of Korea to choose one or the other nationality soon after reaching that age.
This can cause complications for ethnic Arabs also of Korean descent, whether born in or outside South Korea, since they may have automatically acquired their ancestral country's citizenship at birth. This applies particularly to ethnic Algerians,[1] Egyptians,[2] Lebanese,[3] Libyans,[4] Moroccans (see Moroccan nationality law), Omanis [5] and Tunisians.[6] born in South Korea or to a South-Korean parent.
South Korean-born Israeli citizens who have at least one Israeli parent may also be affected because, unlike Japan, Israel permits multiple citizenship.
In addition, South Korean men over the age of 18, including foreign citizens of Korean descent, are subject to compulsory military service. A dual national may not be allowed to abandon his Republic of Korea nationality until he finishes his military service, or has received a special exemption from military service. In some cases, men of South Korean descent visiting from overseas have been forcibly drafted upon visiting the country, despite having never been there before and not having Korean citizenship.[1]
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Monday, August 06, 2007
rexresearch.com Home
Water to Gasoline
by Robert A. Nelson
Wouldn’t it be nice if we could burn water for fuel? Think of all the money we could save, since water costs only 25 cents a gallon this week!
It’s a wet dream that has been fulfilled several times. The most recent instance occurred in 1996 at the Indian Institute of Technology (ITT), where 30-years old Ramar Pillai demonstrated the conversion of water to a hydrocarbon fuel by mixing it with a secret herbal formula he had discovered. Scientists were understandably amazed by the experiment, which was organized by ITT chemist N. K. Jha. "It is incredible but true", Jha said.
About two ounces of leaves and bark were boiled in a liter of water, cooled, and a small amount of salt, citric acid, and secret chemicals were added. About a pint of combustible liquid that smells and burns like kerosene was produced within 30 minutes. The National Chemical Laboratory (Pune, India) analyzed the substance and found it to be a pure hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 170° C. The new fuel is more efficient than gasoline, and produces no sulfur exhaust. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Petroleum confirmed the reality of the process.
Ramar Pillai was granted 20 acres of land on which to cultivate the marvelous bush, and he applied for patents on the process. Then Pillai was accused of being a charlatan; allegedly he had added oil to the process by legerdemain even as scientists watched him perform the experiment.
In 1916, Louis Enricht announced that he had invented "a substitute for gasoline that can be manufactured for a penny a gallon". As a demonstration, Enricht allowed reporters to inspect the empty gas tank of an automobile. The reporters also tasted the water that Enricht then poured into the tank. He added a green pill, started the car, and gave the reporters a ride around Farmingdale, Long Island. William Haskell, publisher of the Chicago Herald, investigated Enricht’s claims. He wrote:
"I examined the entire engine and tank. I even tasted the water before the mysterious green pill was dropped into the tank. Then I opened the petcock and examined the liquid, which now tasted like biter almonds. I also tasted the liquid at the carburator which was the same. I was amazed when the auto started. We drove it around the city without any trouble".
A few days later, however, reporters learned that Enricht had been indicted for fraud in 1903, and had been involved in other phony schemes. Despite his lack of credibility, Enricht was able to get Benjamin Yoakum to finance him and organize the National Motor Power Company. Investigators from the British Army were given a demonstration, and they reported that, "The car operated as expeditiously and efficiently as it would have on gasoline".
The deal soured, however, and Yoakum sued Enricht, who was forced to open a safe deposit box in which he supposedly had placed the formula and a sample of the substance. It wasn’t there, and the National Motor Power Company folded. Enricht eventually was convicted of another fraud (extracting gasoline from peat) and served several years in Sing Sing prison.
In 1917, John Andrews approached the US Navy with his claim that he could convert fresh or salt water into a fuel with the same power as gasoline. The chemical costs were about 2 cents/gallon.
Andrews was allowed to demonstrate his invention at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where a motor boat was fitted with a dynamometer for the test. Commander Earl P. Jessup, who was Captain of the yard, said:
"We gave Andrews a bucket of water drawn from the Navy Yard [fresh water] hydrant by one of the yard attaches. He got into his car with a gallon can which we inspected and found to be empty and a little satchel he carried with him. In about a minute he handed out the filled can which I personally carried to the open fuel tank. While pouring the liquid into the tank, Andrews held a lighted cigarette close to the liquid, which did not ignite. That showed it was not gaseous or inflammable at that part of the demonstration, which to me was most important. The engine caught just as quickly as it would have done with gasoline, and after a moment’s adjustment of the carburator, it settled down to its work, developing 75% of its rated horsepower, a remarkable showing with any fuel with so slight a readjustment of the carburator".
In a second test, Andrews was put in an empty room with no possible way to get rid of the bucket of salt water with which he had been supplied, except to empty it into his one-gallon gas can. Commander Jessup said:
"In a minute he emerged with the can filled, and the engine again used it up, no difference being noted between the salt water and fresh. Besides myself, Rear Admiral G.E. Burd, the Industrial Manager of the yard, was present and with the precautions we had taken --- our own Navy engine, tank and carburator and our own men supplying the water --- there was no possibility of deception.
"From a military viewpoint, it is almost impossible to visual"ze that such an invention means. It is so important that we have hurried an officer to Washington to make a report to the navy Department. It is obvious that Andrews has discovered a combination of chemicals which breaks down water to a form that is inert until mechanically vaporized by the carburator, when the spark causes it to burn as gasoline burns".
Walter Meriwether, the Navy editor of the New York World, met with Andrews at his home in McKeesport, PA. Andrews was extremely paranoid. He said:
"Somebody poisoned my watchdog last week. The only reason my dog was poisoned was so somebody could get at me more easily. I am being followed everywhere, day and night. A lot of people know about my invention --- how it will put every oil company in the world out of business. Two cents a gallon for a substitute as good as the best they can refine? I tell you, my life is not worth that [snapping his fingers]! Think of what my invention means to nations at war".
Meriwether offered to arrange for a thorough test of his invention with the Navy Department in Washington DC, and Andrews accepted his help. Meriwether managed to arouse the interest of Secretary Josephus Daniels, who said:
"Tell the man to come on at once; I will have a submarine and airplane detailed and ready for him on his arrival".
Meriwether telegraphed Andrews, but received no reply. He returned to McKeesport, but Andrews could not be found. Meriwether then accompanied the police to Andrews’ home, where they found signs of a violent struggle in the ransacked house. No trace was found of Andrews.
But Andrews had not been kidnapped or murdered; he had simply reported back to his seaman’s post in the Canadian Navy. He returned to the USA in the 1930s. In 1942, a reporter named James Kilgallen found Andrews living on a farm near Library, Pennsylvania. Andrews said that he had forgotten the formula.
Another version of the Andrews mystery states that he was found murdered in his home in 1937, and all of his notes and supply of green powder were missing. His sister allegedly took the notes and fled to Scotland, where she too was murdered only a year later. The eminent journalist Tom Valentine, who has written numerous articles about suppressed technologies, once received a phone call from a man who claimed to be John Andrews, Jr. His innuendos could not be proven, of course:
"My aunt was killed and then some of my relatives suddenly got rich and I believe the process for making the powder is known and the people who know are the Phillips Petroleum Company".
The next person to demonstrate the conversion of water to fuel was Guido Franch, a former coal miner who tried for nearly 50 years to find financiers for his product. He too used a green powder to turn water into 105-octane fuel. He called it "Mota", which is atom spelled backwards.
Franch demonstrated Mota hundreds of times, but never produced it commercially. He did, however, sell about 3000% of his rights to interested investors. In 1973, Franch was subpoenaed to appear in Chicago’s Federal Circuit Court "with any records relating to the purchase or the proposed purchase of any fuel, fuel powder, or fuel formula in your possession". He demonstrated his Mota transmutation in the presence of judges William Bauer and Philip Romiti, who believed what they saw, and Franch was acquitted of charges of fraud.
The fuel is produced with one pound of the reagent in 50 gallons of water. It burns clean and leaves no residue. In one demonstration with a lawnmower, it ran for about 15 minutes on a small amount of Mota-treated water. An equal amount of gasoline lasted only 3 minutes. Mota fuel is very sensitive to sunlight, which will turn it back to water with a white powder residue.
Gary Bolz, a consultant on carburetion and fuel engineering, was able to test Mota with the help of chemists at Michigan State University and Havoline Chemical Laboratories. Bolz stated:
"The granules are dark olive green. As they enter water, they dissolve in a string of green, which begins to spread fiber-like throughout the water. As the water begins to react, there is a swirling effect. Reaction is complete in a few minutes. If the crystals are mixed in 1:1 ratio with water, the resulting fluid is highly explosive and can be detonated by a small shock. But it isn’t shock-sensitive when mixed at a normal ratio of one ounce of powder per half gallon of water. The finished fuel is lighter than water".
Franch claimed that the manufacture of Mota was taught to him and others in 1925 by a German scientist named Alexander Kraft, who died in 1941. One pound of the green crystals can be produced from 25 pounds of coal at a cost of about $100.
Franch received about $100,000 from small investors over a period of 40 years. He used that money to live on, and never manufactured any Mota. He received several serious offers from major investors, but his financial demands were unreasonable and nothing practical ever came of his demonstrations and negotiations.
It appears that we are obliged to continue burning gasoline until some genius rediscovers the secret of extracting green crystals from coal.
Guido Franch demonstrating Mota. Photo by Tom Valentine.
FOCUS, Volume 1, Number 10 (December 31, 1985)
Alternative Energy? What about "those little green granules"?
by Jimmy Ward
On July 13, 1979, the story of Guido Franch and his "Mota-Fuel" made the papers nationwide. He claimed he could turn ordinary tap water into 105 octane gasoline by merely adding some green crystals to it. With a gasoline shortage in full swing, his announcement was met with a great deal of interest.
Franch, 69, of Villa Park, Illinois, had been subpoenaed to appear in Federal Court with records "relating to the purchase of any fuel, fuel powder, or fuel formula in (his) possession or under (his) control" since 1968.
Franch did not claim credit for discovering the mysterious fuel, only for converting the formula for use as a motor fuel. The real inventor, he claimed, was Alexander Craft, a German scientist who died in 1941. Kraft was a rocket fuel expert involved in "doing research way ahead of his time."
Franch claimed he could make one pound of granules out of 25 pounds of coal and that it cost him about $100 to make a pound of granules, but mass production would drive the cost down to about $4.00 a pound or about 8 cents per gallon of gasoline.
He was later charged, tried and convicted of bilking large sums of money from his investors who were never allowed to see how he made his granules or even how he converted water to "gasoline". They were given containers filled with a greenish liquid that smelled like cleaning fluid instead. It did burn and even power cars, however.
Was he only a con artist, or did he really convert water to fuel --- or both? It is interesting to note that during the trial, the matter of whether he actually could or couldn't convert water to fuel was hardly mentioned. More curiously, the allegation that his "Mota-Fuel" was a hoax was NEVER mentioned. In fact, there was no mention of any hoax at all, only that he had "stolen" money from his investors. Does this mean "Mota-Fuel" was real? And that it was made from coal-derived granules?
Actually, this is not the first time those green granules made from coal have turned up. In the Cincinnati Enquirer for April 25, 1897, an aeroship (see Aero files in the Gravity section of KeelyNet), was reported to have landed, the occupants of which claimed their craft used a "volatile substance" that somehow NEGATED THE FORCE OF GRAVITY. C.A.A. Dellschau died in 1924 leaving behind several books of drawings of strange-looking airships allegedly designed in the mid-1800s which used a gas that negated gravity in order to fly. The gas was made by adding green crystals to ordinary water. Coincidence? These crystals were made from coal too.
Even more bizarre is the story of one Dr. Rhinelander (apparently a pseudonym) who allegedly was contacted by aliens toward the end of the century. They supposedly gave him plans to build an aerial craft which would operate on a propulsion principle totally unknown to him. He was instructed tocollect scientists and migrate to a coal mining area of the MidWest. The nearby coal mines were to supply the basic ingredients for a new fuel which could be made from ordinary water. Those green granules again!
More "down to earth" is the story of John Andrews. In 1917, he used a green powder to convert sea water to gasoline before the astonished eyes of several US Navy brass. Even though it was tested in the tank of a motorboat and proved more than satisfactory, the Navy was "not interested". In fact, he seems to have been unable to find anyone who was interested! In 1935, he converted tap water into fuel before members of the Bureau of Standards and gave a demonstration of its power, but they too declined to take action.
There are other stories of other inventors who appear to have been able to transform water into something resembling gasoline. All of them have the same basic elements: green granules or powder MADE FROM COAL. Demonstrations are given, often before such people as Earl Eisenhower (brother of the president), or large companies such as Ford Motor Co. or Standard Oil. Typically the alleged inventor never takes full credit for his discovery and declines to divulge the secret process for creating the mysterious granules.
Fact or fiction? FOCUS doesn't know either.
Top ~ Home rexresearch.com
rexresearch.com Home
Water to Gasoline
by Robert A. Nelson
Wouldn’t it be nice if we could burn water for fuel? Think of all the money we could save, since water costs only 25 cents a gallon this week!
It’s a wet dream that has been fulfilled several times. The most recent instance occurred in 1996 at the Indian Institute of Technology (ITT), where 30-years old Ramar Pillai demonstrated the conversion of water to a hydrocarbon fuel by mixing it with a secret herbal formula he had discovered. Scientists were understandably amazed by the experiment, which was organized by ITT chemist N. K. Jha. "It is incredible but true", Jha said.
About two ounces of leaves and bark were boiled in a liter of water, cooled, and a small amount of salt, citric acid, and secret chemicals were added. About a pint of combustible liquid that smells and burns like kerosene was produced within 30 minutes. The National Chemical Laboratory (Pune, India) analyzed the substance and found it to be a pure hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 170° C. The new fuel is more efficient than gasoline, and produces no sulfur exhaust. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Petroleum confirmed the reality of the process.
Ramar Pillai was granted 20 acres of land on which to cultivate the marvelous bush, and he applied for patents on the process. Then Pillai was accused of being a charlatan; allegedly he had added oil to the process by legerdemain even as scientists watched him perform the experiment.
In 1916, Louis Enricht announced that he had invented "a substitute for gasoline that can be manufactured for a penny a gallon". As a demonstration, Enricht allowed reporters to inspect the empty gas tank of an automobile. The reporters also tasted the water that Enricht then poured into the tank. He added a green pill, started the car, and gave the reporters a ride around Farmingdale, Long Island. William Haskell, publisher of the Chicago Herald, investigated Enricht’s claims. He wrote:
"I examined the entire engine and tank. I even tasted the water before the mysterious green pill was dropped into the tank. Then I opened the petcock and examined the liquid, which now tasted like biter almonds. I also tasted the liquid at the carburator which was the same. I was amazed when the auto started. We drove it around the city without any trouble".
A few days later, however, reporters learned that Enricht had been indicted for fraud in 1903, and had been involved in other phony schemes. Despite his lack of credibility, Enricht was able to get Benjamin Yoakum to finance him and organize the National Motor Power Company. Investigators from the British Army were given a demonstration, and they reported that, "The car operated as expeditiously and efficiently as it would have on gasoline".
The deal soured, however, and Yoakum sued Enricht, who was forced to open a safe deposit box in which he supposedly had placed the formula and a sample of the substance. It wasn’t there, and the National Motor Power Company folded. Enricht eventually was convicted of another fraud (extracting gasoline from peat) and served several years in Sing Sing prison.
In 1917, John Andrews approached the US Navy with his claim that he could convert fresh or salt water into a fuel with the same power as gasoline. The chemical costs were about 2 cents/gallon.
Andrews was allowed to demonstrate his invention at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where a motor boat was fitted with a dynamometer for the test. Commander Earl P. Jessup, who was Captain of the yard, said:
"We gave Andrews a bucket of water drawn from the Navy Yard [fresh water] hydrant by one of the yard attaches. He got into his car with a gallon can which we inspected and found to be empty and a little satchel he carried with him. In about a minute he handed out the filled can which I personally carried to the open fuel tank. While pouring the liquid into the tank, Andrews held a lighted cigarette close to the liquid, which did not ignite. That showed it was not gaseous or inflammable at that part of the demonstration, which to me was most important. The engine caught just as quickly as it would have done with gasoline, and after a moment’s adjustment of the carburator, it settled down to its work, developing 75% of its rated horsepower, a remarkable showing with any fuel with so slight a readjustment of the carburator".
In a second test, Andrews was put in an empty room with no possible way to get rid of the bucket of salt water with which he had been supplied, except to empty it into his one-gallon gas can. Commander Jessup said:
"In a minute he emerged with the can filled, and the engine again used it up, no difference being noted between the salt water and fresh. Besides myself, Rear Admiral G.E. Burd, the Industrial Manager of the yard, was present and with the precautions we had taken --- our own Navy engine, tank and carburator and our own men supplying the water --- there was no possibility of deception.
"From a military viewpoint, it is almost impossible to visual"ze that such an invention means. It is so important that we have hurried an officer to Washington to make a report to the navy Department. It is obvious that Andrews has discovered a combination of chemicals which breaks down water to a form that is inert until mechanically vaporized by the carburator, when the spark causes it to burn as gasoline burns".
Walter Meriwether, the Navy editor of the New York World, met with Andrews at his home in McKeesport, PA. Andrews was extremely paranoid. He said:
"Somebody poisoned my watchdog last week. The only reason my dog was poisoned was so somebody could get at me more easily. I am being followed everywhere, day and night. A lot of people know about my invention --- how it will put every oil company in the world out of business. Two cents a gallon for a substitute as good as the best they can refine? I tell you, my life is not worth that [snapping his fingers]! Think of what my invention means to nations at war".
Meriwether offered to arrange for a thorough test of his invention with the Navy Department in Washington DC, and Andrews accepted his help. Meriwether managed to arouse the interest of Secretary Josephus Daniels, who said:
"Tell the man to come on at once; I will have a submarine and airplane detailed and ready for him on his arrival".
Meriwether telegraphed Andrews, but received no reply. He returned to McKeesport, but Andrews could not be found. Meriwether then accompanied the police to Andrews’ home, where they found signs of a violent struggle in the ransacked house. No trace was found of Andrews.
But Andrews had not been kidnapped or murdered; he had simply reported back to his seaman’s post in the Canadian Navy. He returned to the USA in the 1930s. In 1942, a reporter named James Kilgallen found Andrews living on a farm near Library, Pennsylvania. Andrews said that he had forgotten the formula.
Another version of the Andrews mystery states that he was found murdered in his home in 1937, and all of his notes and supply of green powder were missing. His sister allegedly took the notes and fled to Scotland, where she too was murdered only a year later. The eminent journalist Tom Valentine, who has written numerous articles about suppressed technologies, once received a phone call from a man who claimed to be John Andrews, Jr. His innuendos could not be proven, of course:
"My aunt was killed and then some of my relatives suddenly got rich and I believe the process for making the powder is known and the people who know are the Phillips Petroleum Company".
The next person to demonstrate the conversion of water to fuel was Guido Franch, a former coal miner who tried for nearly 50 years to find financiers for his product. He too used a green powder to turn water into 105-octane fuel. He called it "Mota", which is atom spelled backwards.
Franch demonstrated Mota hundreds of times, but never produced it commercially. He did, however, sell about 3000% of his rights to interested investors. In 1973, Franch was subpoenaed to appear in Chicago’s Federal Circuit Court "with any records relating to the purchase or the proposed purchase of any fuel, fuel powder, or fuel formula in your possession". He demonstrated his Mota transmutation in the presence of judges William Bauer and Philip Romiti, who believed what they saw, and Franch was acquitted of charges of fraud.
The fuel is produced with one pound of the reagent in 50 gallons of water. It burns clean and leaves no residue. In one demonstration with a lawnmower, it ran for about 15 minutes on a small amount of Mota-treated water. An equal amount of gasoline lasted only 3 minutes. Mota fuel is very sensitive to sunlight, which will turn it back to water with a white powder residue.
Gary Bolz, a consultant on carburetion and fuel engineering, was able to test Mota with the help of chemists at Michigan State University and Havoline Chemical Laboratories. Bolz stated:
"The granules are dark olive green. As they enter water, they dissolve in a string of green, which begins to spread fiber-like throughout the water. As the water begins to react, there is a swirling effect. Reaction is complete in a few minutes. If the crystals are mixed in 1:1 ratio with water, the resulting fluid is highly explosive and can be detonated by a small shock. But it isn’t shock-sensitive when mixed at a normal ratio of one ounce of powder per half gallon of water. The finished fuel is lighter than water".
Franch claimed that the manufacture of Mota was taught to him and others in 1925 by a German scientist named Alexander Kraft, who died in 1941. One pound of the green crystals can be produced from 25 pounds of coal at a cost of about $100.
Franch received about $100,000 from small investors over a period of 40 years. He used that money to live on, and never manufactured any Mota. He received several serious offers from major investors, but his financial demands were unreasonable and nothing practical ever came of his demonstrations and negotiations.
It appears that we are obliged to continue burning gasoline until some genius rediscovers the secret of extracting green crystals from coal.
Guido Franch demonstrating Mota. Photo by Tom Valentine.
FOCUS, Volume 1, Number 10 (December 31, 1985)
Alternative Energy? What about "those little green granules"?
by Jimmy Ward
On July 13, 1979, the story of Guido Franch and his "Mota-Fuel" made the papers nationwide. He claimed he could turn ordinary tap water into 105 octane gasoline by merely adding some green crystals to it. With a gasoline shortage in full swing, his announcement was met with a great deal of interest.
Franch, 69, of Villa Park, Illinois, had been subpoenaed to appear in Federal Court with records "relating to the purchase of any fuel, fuel powder, or fuel formula in (his) possession or under (his) control" since 1968.
Franch did not claim credit for discovering the mysterious fuel, only for converting the formula for use as a motor fuel. The real inventor, he claimed, was Alexander Craft, a German scientist who died in 1941. Kraft was a rocket fuel expert involved in "doing research way ahead of his time."
Franch claimed he could make one pound of granules out of 25 pounds of coal and that it cost him about $100 to make a pound of granules, but mass production would drive the cost down to about $4.00 a pound or about 8 cents per gallon of gasoline.
He was later charged, tried and convicted of bilking large sums of money from his investors who were never allowed to see how he made his granules or even how he converted water to "gasoline". They were given containers filled with a greenish liquid that smelled like cleaning fluid instead. It did burn and even power cars, however.
Was he only a con artist, or did he really convert water to fuel --- or both? It is interesting to note that during the trial, the matter of whether he actually could or couldn't convert water to fuel was hardly mentioned. More curiously, the allegation that his "Mota-Fuel" was a hoax was NEVER mentioned. In fact, there was no mention of any hoax at all, only that he had "stolen" money from his investors. Does this mean "Mota-Fuel" was real? And that it was made from coal-derived granules?
Actually, this is not the first time those green granules made from coal have turned up. In the Cincinnati Enquirer for April 25, 1897, an aeroship (see Aero files in the Gravity section of KeelyNet), was reported to have landed, the occupants of which claimed their craft used a "volatile substance" that somehow NEGATED THE FORCE OF GRAVITY. C.A.A. Dellschau died in 1924 leaving behind several books of drawings of strange-looking airships allegedly designed in the mid-1800s which used a gas that negated gravity in order to fly. The gas was made by adding green crystals to ordinary water. Coincidence? These crystals were made from coal too.
Even more bizarre is the story of one Dr. Rhinelander (apparently a pseudonym) who allegedly was contacted by aliens toward the end of the century. They supposedly gave him plans to build an aerial craft which would operate on a propulsion principle totally unknown to him. He was instructed tocollect scientists and migrate to a coal mining area of the MidWest. The nearby coal mines were to supply the basic ingredients for a new fuel which could be made from ordinary water. Those green granules again!
More "down to earth" is the story of John Andrews. In 1917, he used a green powder to convert sea water to gasoline before the astonished eyes of several US Navy brass. Even though it was tested in the tank of a motorboat and proved more than satisfactory, the Navy was "not interested". In fact, he seems to have been unable to find anyone who was interested! In 1935, he converted tap water into fuel before members of the Bureau of Standards and gave a demonstration of its power, but they too declined to take action.
There are other stories of other inventors who appear to have been able to transform water into something resembling gasoline. All of them have the same basic elements: green granules or powder MADE FROM COAL. Demonstrations are given, often before such people as Earl Eisenhower (brother of the president), or large companies such as Ford Motor Co. or Standard Oil. Typically the alleged inventor never takes full credit for his discovery and declines to divulge the secret process for creating the mysterious granules.
Fact or fiction? FOCUS doesn't know either.
Top ~ Home rexresearch.com
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